Prevention of corn defoliation caused by the disease

After the Huaihe River Basin enters the "summer" season of the lunar calendar, most rural villages begin planting cotton and wheat to cover corn. In recent years, corn has started showing signs of "rough shrinkage" about 30 days after sowing—usually between late June and early July. When corn seedlings grow above 50 cm in height, they are often infected by the virus-carrying insect SBPH, leading to a high incidence of the disease. In 2007, three households in Xinbucun, Wutan Town, Suining County, Jiangsu Province, planted 3 mu of corn. They suffered from an outbreak in late June, lacking knowledge on prevention and control. The affected plants were stunted, with stiff, broad, and thick leaves, dark green in color, and shortened upper internodes. The top leaves clustered together, and dotted stripes appeared along the midrib of the heart. Approximately 90% of the seedlings showed culm thickening and failed to produce ears, resembling long green plants that never matured. Only 3 to 50 grains were found at the tip, reducing corn yields by over 85%. It is reported that last year alone, 800 acres of corn in Wutan Town, Suining County, were affected by "rough shrinkage." So what causes this "rough shrinkage," and how can it be prevented? Wu Youtie, an agronomist from the town, suggests scientific methods to combat the disease and its main vector. The causes are complex: first, there is a large amount of bacteria in the soil, especially residue from previously infected corn plants. Second, the virus spreads through wheat fields and weeds like Saccharum spontaneum, particularly during dry periods. To address this issue, farmers should use improved varieties resistant to "rough shrinkage" and diseases like large and small spot, such as Suyu 19 and Jinhai 5. Seed coating with insecticides like imidacloprid or fipronil can also help. Adjusting the sowing time—planting spring corn in late April and summer maize in mid-June—can avoid overlapping with peak virus activity. Removing weeds and reducing the population of Laodelphax striatellus (the virus-carrying insect) is also essential. To prevent "rough shrinkage" in seedlings, farmers should follow guidance from agricultural technicians. At the 3-4 leaf stage and again at the 7-8 leaf stage, spraying 10% imidacloprid (20 grams) or 5% fipronil (30 ml) mixed with 30 kg of water during sunny noon hours can be effective. If the disease has already occurred, spraying plant growth regulators, bactericidal agents, or acetic acid-based drugs like acetamiprid can improve results. Applying the treatment twice over five days helps both prevent and treat the disease. Since the virus replicates within the seedling’s cells, it's crucial to promptly remove infected plants to stop further spread. Due to environmental pollution and poor farming practices, pests and diseases have become more common. The widespread occurrence of "rough shrinkage" across large areas of cornfields today calls for urgent attention from agricultural departments and farmers alike. With proper knowledge and timely action, this devastating disease can be managed more effectively.

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