What to do with a tomato "face"

Q: Since entering winter, farmers in Linzi District of Zibo City, Shandong Province, have reported that their greenhouse tomatoes are showing a lot of "slapstick" fruits. Some sources suggest these issues are caused by viral infections and potassium deficiency. According to some articles, they sprayed virus prevention agents while also applying potassium, but the problem still persisted. What could be going on? A: The so-called "slapstick" fruits refer to tomato blossoms that appear as red spots on the surface of the fruit. These spots can be yellow and red, yellow and green, or green and brown. In severe winters, large yellow patches on tomatoes are typically caused by root rot, blight, or physiological plant death. Late-maturing fruits often suffer from nutrient deficiencies during the ripening stage, leading to low lycopene levels. To manage this issue, it's essential to focus on preventing root rot, blight, and physiological plant death. During summer, proper ventilation, regular soil loosening, and watering with disease-prevention solutions can help avoid wilting and root rot. Physiological seedling death is usually due to long-term crop rotation, early transplanting, excessive chemical fertilizers, over-grounding, and poor root development. To prevent this, farmers should avoid overwatering, grow seedlings at the right time, apply fertilizers appropriately, deepen the soil, and use no-till methods with 200g per mu of a Soil Conditioner to promote deep, loose soil and better root growth. In terms of spotted fruits, yellow, green, or red spots are often linked to viral diseases. These viruses tend to occur more frequently between October and November when temperatures are high. Once the temperature drops and humidity increases indoors, the virus activity usually declines significantly by January. Infected plants may not show obvious symptoms, and most severe cases have already been removed. As a result, although the number of "slapstick" fruits is high, the actual damage is relatively minor. Since viral diseases cannot be completely cured, many treatments are ineffective at this stage. However, using plant growth regulators—natural hormone-like substances—can help stimulate growth and reduce the impact of the virus. Another common issue is the brown stripes on the fruit surface and brown veins inside the fruit, which are caused by the stripe virus. This condition is often triggered by insufficient light, high humidity, low temperatures, and potassium deficiency. To address this, improving lighting, increasing ventilation, raising the temperature, and supplementing potassium are crucial. However, the potassium deficiency here isn't due to a lack of potassium in the soil. It's a physiological deficiency caused by low temperatures, which lead to an accumulation of ammonium ions in the soil. This inhibits the roots' ability to absorb potassium, even if there's plenty available. As a result, the plant struggles to transport nutrients, leading to necrosis and browning of the fruit. To resolve this, farmers can apply potassium-based foliar fertilizers such as 0.3% high-energy red potassium directly onto the leaves for quick absorption. This method helps improve nutrient uptake and alleviate the symptoms effectively.

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