Winter strawberry cultivation techniques

To successfully grow strawberries in a greenhouse, start by selecting the right variety. Winter or early spring greenhouse cultivation requires varieties with low dormancy, strong cold tolerance, and the ability to flower normally under low temperatures. These varieties should also have high self-pollination rates, large fruit size, good shape, high yield, and superior quality. Popular choices include Japan's "Ghost Anger Gan," "Feng Xiang," "Japan 1," "Nv Feng," and the U.S. variety "Red Peak." Next, choose an appropriate site and prepare the soil. Strawberries thrive in well-drained, loose soil with good irrigation. The land should be flat, fertile, and free from waterlogging. Before planting, it's essential to apply a base fertilizer. Mix 5,000 tons of high-quality compost with an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer, then till and level the soil. Create raised beds about 1 meter wide and 20-30 cm high for optimal drainage. Planting should begin in mid-August when seedlings are strong. Strong seedlings have roots 3-5 cm long, over 0.8 cm thick, and 3-5 fully developed leaves. Plant them in two rows with 20 cm between rows and 13 cm between plants. Proper planting depth is crucial—planting too deep can cause root rot, while too shallow may expose the crown, leading to dehydration. The ideal depth is just below the base of the leaves. After planting, keep the soil moist for 1-2 weeks to ensure survival. Cover the plants with plastic film approximately one month after planting. Remove any diseased or yellow leaves before covering and spray a 500-times dilution of thiophanate-methyl. Cover the plants vertically, making small slits to allow the stems to pass through without damaging the leaves. When night temperatures drop below 15°C, start using the greenhouse structure for protection. After planting, monitor the seedlings regularly. Water promptly and replace any missing plants. Once established, apply 10 kg of urea per acre, optionally mixed with 0.3% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. During fruit development, maintain consistent watering to avoid small, poorly colored fruits. In greenhouses, pollination is often limited, so consider using bees or manual pollination with a brush. Place one bee hive per greenhouse and avoid using pesticides during the first half of the month. Move bees into the greenhouse one week before flowering. Good lighting inside the greenhouse also improves yield, fruit quality, and reduces deformation. For pest control, focus on common diseases like gray mold and powdery mildew. Gray mold can be controlled with a 600-times dilution of a fungicide like "Faster Suckering." For powdery mildew, use Triadimefon or a 600-700 times dilution of a suitable fungicide. Insect pests such as aphids can be managed with pyrethroid insecticides. Harvesting typically occurs 35-45 days after flowering. For winter sales, harvest at 80% maturity, while spring harvests can wait until full maturity for better transportability. Pick strawberries gently, using containers that provide good support to prevent crushing. Harvest in batches throughout the season to avoid overripening, which reduces market value. Regular harvesting ensures maximum quality and profitability.

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