Introduction and cultivation of special maize

Corn is a common agricultural product, often categorized as "coarse grain" and rarely seen in the market. However, in recent years, a new wave of "special corn" has captured the attention of consumers and the market. These unique varieties, either imported from abroad or developed by local breeders, are gaining popularity due to their attractive appearance and distinctive flavor. To turn this "market darling" into a profitable crop for farmers, it's essential to adopt proper cultivation techniques that ensure high yield, quality, and sustainable income. **Variety Selection** There are numerous specialty corn varieties available, each with different growth periods and characteristics. Some of the most competitive ones include South Korea’s Black Baogong, Mexico’s “Black Brother” glutinous corn, Thailand’s purple citron, flower fairy, yellow rose early sticky corn, and blood red glutinous sweet corn. Farmers should choose varieties based on local climate conditions and market demand to maximize profitability. **Isolation and Planting** To maintain the purity and quality of specialty corn, it must be planted separately from regular corn and other specialty varieties. This is achieved through three main methods: 1. **Spatial Isolation**: A buffer zone of at least 200 meters must be maintained around specialty corn fields to prevent cross-pollination. 2. **Temporal Isolation**: Sowing times should be staggered so that specialty corn and other varieties do not flower at the same time. Spring planting should be 40 days apart, while summer planting should be 20 days apart. 3. **Physical Isolation**: If spatial or temporal isolation is not feasible, natural barriers such as buildings, hills, or tall crops can be used to separate the fields. **Timely Sowing and Cultivation** Proper sowing and cultivation practices are crucial for ensuring uniform emergence, strong growth, and high-quality harvests. - **Soil Preparation**: Deep plowing in autumn and careful tilling in spring will create loose, well-drained soil that promotes even germination. - **Fertilization**: A balanced fertilizer plan is essential. Base fertilizer should make up 70% of the total, with additional nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applied during critical growth stages. Organic manure and zinc sulfate also play important roles in enhancing yield and quality. - **Sowing Time**: Early sowing helps bring the crop to market sooner, increasing its value. However, special corn is sensitive to cold, so sowing should only begin when temperatures consistently exceed 13°C. Greenhouse seedlings can be started 10–20 days earlier. Staggered sowing every 10 days ensures a continuous supply, and planting density should be controlled between 3,000 and 3,500 plants per acre. **Disease and Pest Control** During the growing season, it's important to manage diseases like sheath blight and pests such as corn borers. - **Sheath Blight Prevention**: Increase organic and potash fertilizers, avoid consecutive cropping, and remove infected leaves promptly. Spraying Jinggangmycin (50,000 units) during the early stages can help control the disease. - **Pest Control**: During the tasseling stage, granule furanedan can be used to manage corn borers effectively. By following these techniques, farmers can successfully grow high-quality specialty corn, turning it into a valuable and sustainable crop that meets both consumer demand and economic goals.

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