The Key Techniques of Grape Disease Prevention in Rainy Season

To ensure effective grape disease management, it's crucial to maintain a proactive approach. Many farmers understand the importance of timely spraying, but in practice, they often face challenges such as insufficient preparation, unexpected rain, or being too busy, which can delay the optimal spraying window. Since grapes are highly vulnerable to diseases, it’s essential to use fungicides with a residual effect lasting 17 to 21 days and apply them every 15 days. If there is significant rainfall, adjust the schedule accordingly by shortening the interval between sprays. After heavy rain, reapply once the weather clears up. Also, be cautious when using multiple chemicals—especially if they are acidic or alkaline—because they may neutralize each other. Never delay spraying, as this can lead to serious disease outbreaks. Observing the vineyard daily is key, especially during rainy or humid conditions, which create ideal environments for disease development. Early detection is critical. For example, downy mildew is a common issue that appears annually. In the Jiaodong Peninsula, it typically occurs about 10 days before the start of autumn. When the temperature difference between day and night exceeds 10°C, the risk increases significantly. At this time, a thorough inspection is necessary. Even a small sign of disease on one part of the vineyard should prompt immediate spraying. Commonly used treatments include 70% Kepo at 600x dilution, 80% Phosphor at 300 mg/L, or a Bordeaux mixture of 1:0.780 ml per liter. Bordeaux mixture has been widely used for many years due to its cost-effectiveness and strong adhesion. It is often the primary treatment in disease prevention. The recommended dilutions vary depending on the growth stage: 1:0.5:240 before flowering, 1:0.7:220 after flowering, 1:0.7:200 during fruit swelling, and 1:1:1180 after harvest. In autumn, a 1:1:100 solution is applied. If diseases like white rot or anthracnose appear, targeted spraying is needed. Most of these treatments are acidic, so timing with Bordeaux mixture must be carefully managed. Fertilization should also be adjusted during the rainy season. Overwatering can leach nutrients from the soil, weakening the vines and reducing their resistance. Therefore, it’s important to monitor soil fertility and grape growth, increasing fertilizer application as needed. A "small meals more frequently" approach works best, especially for sandy soils. Applying fertilizers less often but more consistently helps maintain plant health. Fertilizers can be applied through irrigation or combined with foliar sprays. For instance, adding 0.5% urea to Bordeaux spray or 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with acidic solutions can enhance nutrient absorption. High-quality foliar fertilizers can also be used. However, new products should always be tested before large-scale application. Soil aeration is another critical factor during the rainy season. Heavy rains can compact the soil, reducing oxygen availability to the roots and weakening the plants. To prevent this, cultivate the soil deeply before the rainy season begins. During the season, regularly loosen the topsoil after heavy rains to improve permeability and promote healthy root development. Lastly, maintaining a clean vineyard is essential for disease control. Diseased leaves, branches, and fruits should be removed immediately and disposed of properly—either buried or burned. Weeds should also be cleared regularly, and any pruned diseased parts must be cleaned and disinfected to prevent further spread. These practices help reduce the disease pressure and support overall vineyard health.

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