Spring crop seed processing technology

Seed treatment plays a crucial role in the effective prevention and control of diseases transmitted through seeds, soil-borne pathogens, and seedling diseases, as well as in managing underground pests and rodents. It lays a solid foundation for the healthy growth of young plants, especially for small spring crops. Most farmers must pay close attention to this process and take active measures to ensure proper seed treatment for these crops. 1. **Choosing High-Yield and Disease-Resistant Varieties** Currently, wheat varieties such as Neimai 6, Jiumai 9, Wanmai 10, and Chuanmai 14 are recommended. For rapeseed, options like Neimai 6, Youyan 10, and Mianyou 11 are ideal. For potatoes, disease-resistant varieties such as Eshu 3, Eshu 5, and Yamsu 1 are highly effective. 2. **Pre-Sowing Seed Selection** (1) Before sowing, seeds should be dried for 2–3 days. This not only helps eliminate surface germs but also enhances the germination rate. (2) For wheat, using 10–15% saline solution or 40% mud water can help remove diseased sclerotia, impurities, and other unwanted materials. After washing with clean water, the seeds can be sown. For rapeseed, a 1% saltwater solution is used—mix 100 grams of salt in 100 grams of water, then soak 500–700 grams of seeds. Stir and let stand until the water clears. Remove impurities, bacteria, and empty grains before rinsing and sowing. 3. **Medicinal Treatment and Soaking** (1) To treat wheat seeds, mix 25 kg of dry seeds with 50 g of 15% triadimefon wettable powder. Place the seeds and medicine in a plastic bag, shake well, and store. This treatment effectively controls wheat smut and reduces the risk of seedling rust and powdery mildew. (2) For controlling underground pests, birds, and rodents, use Zinphos seed dressing. Mix 10–15 g of 50% zinc-phosphorus EC with 0.5 kg of water, then pour it over 5 kg of wheat seeds. Mix thoroughly and store in a plastic bag for 4–5 hours. The treated seeds can be stored for more than a month. (3) For rapeseed, soaking in borax solution can promote faster germination, stronger seedling growth, increased yield, and improved grain quality. The method involves dissolving 2.4 g of 11% borax per kg of seeds in 45°C water, then diluting to 1.5 kg of solution. Soak the seeds for 0.5–1 hour, then dry and sow. Note: avoid high concentrations and long soaking times to prevent damage to seed viability. Borax should be fully dissolved in warm water before use. Additional medicinal fertilizers can be applied after soaking. (4) For artichokes, which are prone to late blight, soak seeds in Leimmil 600 times diluted solution for 10 minutes to reduce disease occurrence. Use 5 grams of Leimmil per acre mixed with 3 kg of water. Soak the seeds thoroughly and sow them in autumn or spring.

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