Spring crop seed processing technology

Seed treatment plays a crucial role in the effective prevention and control of diseases spread through seeds, soil-borne pathogens, and seedling diseases, as well as protection against underground pests and rodents. It lays a solid foundation for the healthy growth of young plants, especially for small spring crops. Therefore, it is essential for farmers to pay close attention to this practice and take proactive measures to ensure proper seed treatment for these crops. 1. **Choosing High-Yield and Disease-Resistant Varieties** Currently, farmers can select wheat varieties such as Neimai 6, Jiumai 9, Wanmai 10, and Chuanmai 14. For rapeseed, options include Neimai 6, Youyan 10, and Mianyou 11. For potatoes, using detoxified seed varieties like Eshu 3, Eshu 5, and Yamsu 1 can help improve yield and disease resistance. 2. **Pre-Sowing Seed Selection** (1) Before sowing, seeds should be dried for 2–3 days. This not only helps eliminate surface germs but also enhances the germination rate. (2) For wheat, soaking in 10–15% saltwater or 40% mud water can help remove diseased sclerotia, impurities, and other unwanted materials. After washing with clean water, the seeds can be sown. For rapeseed, a 1% salt solution (100g salt per 100g water) can be used to separate diseased seeds. Mix 500–700g of seeds in the solution, let it sit, then remove impurities, bacteria, and empty grains before rinsing and sowing. 3. **Medicinal Treatment and Soaking** (1) To treat wheat seeds, mix 25kg of dry seeds with 50g of 15% triadimefon wettable powder. Place the seeds and medicine in a plastic bag, shake thoroughly, and store. This helps control wheat smut, seedling rust, and powdery mildew. (2) Zinc phosphorus seed dressing can protect against underground pests, birds, rodents, and finches. Mix 10–15g of 50% zinc-phosphorus EC with 0.5kg of water, then apply to 5kg of wheat seeds. After mixing well, store in a plastic bag for 4–5 hours. The treated seeds can remain viable for over a month. (3) For rapeseed, soaking in boron fertilizer improves germination speed, seedling vigor, and overall plant development. Use 2.4g of 11% borax per kg of seeds. Dissolve a small amount in warm water (around 45°C), then dilute to 1.5kg of solution. Soak the seeds for 0.5–1 hour, then dry and sow. Note: avoid high concentrations to prevent reduced germination, and do not soak for too long to avoid excessive water absorption. Borax dissolves slowly, so warm water is recommended. Additional medicinal fertilizers can be applied after soaking. (4) For potato tubers, soaking in Leimmil 600 times diluted solution for 10 minutes can help control late blight. Use 5g of Leimmil per acre, mixed with 3kg of water, and soak an acre’s worth of seed tubers. Ensure that the tubers are properly sown after soaking, whether in autumn or spring.

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