Ramie high density and high yield cultivation techniques

Ramie is a significant oil crop known for its drought resistance, adaptability to poor soils, wide range of applications, and high economic value. With the rapid growth of industrial production, the demand for ramie has been steadily increasing. To meet this growing market need, our research on high-yield cultivation techniques for ramie began in 2000. After years of dedicated efforts, we have developed a set of high-yield, high-density cultivation methods that are highly mechanized. The average yield has reached up to 5040 kg per hectare. Below are the key techniques we have refined. (a) Selection of High-Yielding Varieties: Currently, varieties such as Jinci No. 2, Zhejing No. 2, and Zhejing No. 4 are widely used for high-density planting. These varieties not only show strong adaptability and stable yields but also offer high oil content, making them ideal for large-scale and efficient cultivation. (b) Seed Treatment: Proper seed preparation is crucial for successful planting. This includes seed selection, drying, and seed dressing. 1. Seed Selection: Before sowing, seeds should be carefully selected to ensure high purity and germination rates. Choose large, uniform, full, undamaged seeds, and remove any small or impure grains. 2. Seed Drying: Dry seeds under sunny conditions for 2–3 days before sowing. This helps improve seed vigor and promotes healthy seedling growth. 3. Seed Dressing: Apply 0.4% carbendazim solution (based on seed weight) to protect against diseases like wilt disease. (c) Soil Preparation and Base Fertilization: In the fall of the previous year, the soil should be deeply plowed to a depth of over 25 cm to control weeds and pests. If the soil moisture is below 18–24%, irrigation should be done promptly. After watering, apply 30 cubic meters of organic manure, 300 kg of urea, 225 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 75 kg of potassium sulfate per hectare. Mix the fertilizer evenly into the topsoil. (d) Mechanical Film Seeding: Use a small film-seeding machine with 80 cm × 0.008 mm micro-film. Ensure the film is straight, tight, and secured with soil at intervals of 2–4 meters. Two rows of ramie are planted on the film, with row spacing of 55 cm + 35 cm and 27–28 cm between plants. Plant 1–2 seeds per hole, and cover the soil properly to prevent air leaks. (e) Field Management: 1. Seedling Inspection and Replacement: About 15 days after sowing, check for dead or weak seedlings and replace them. When the seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, thin them to one per hole. 2. Weeding and Cultivation: Once the seedlings have 4–5 leaves, manually remove weeds and cultivate the soil 2–3 times to loosen the soil and control weeds. 3. Chemical Regulation and Pruning: At 5–6 true leaves, apply 150 g of salicylamine per hectare to reduce plant height and prevent lodging. Remove side branches and lower leaves to maintain one main stem. Prune 2–3 times, ensuring no buds are left behind. Keep the plant height between 120–130 cm and the ear position at 50–70 cm. Maintain 11–13 leaves per plant for optimal light and air circulation. 4. Topdressing and Irrigation: During the bud to flowering stage, apply 150–225 kg of urea and 75 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare. Water every 15–20 days based on soil moisture. Drain water promptly after irrigation to prevent blight. 5. Pest and Disease Control: Common diseases include wilt, blight, leaf spot, and bacterial infections. Remove diseased leaves and burn them. After harvest, deep plow and rotate crops. Use 50% carbendazim for seed dressing or foliar spray. For pests like ground tiger, grasshopper, and bollworm, use crop rotation, deep plowing, and insecticides during the budding period. 6. Harvesting: Ramie can be harvested when 80% of the main spikes turn dark brown with visible cracks in the pod. Dry and thresh the plants for storage.

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