Ramie high density and high yield cultivation techniques

Ramie is a significant oil crop known for its drought resistance, adaptability to poor soils, wide range of applications, and high economic value. As industrial production continues to grow, the demand for ramie has increased significantly. To meet this rising demand, our research on high-yield cultivation techniques for ramie began in 2000. After years of dedicated efforts, we have developed a set of high-yield, high-density cultivation methods that are highly mechanized, achieving a yield of up to 5040 kg per hectare. Below are the key techniques we've refined. (a) Selection of High-Yielding Varieties The varieties suitable for high-density planting include Jinci No. 2, Zhejing No. 2, and Zhejing No. 4. These varieties not only show strong adaptability and stable yields but also offer high oil content, making them ideal for large-scale, high-density cultivation with great potential for increasing productivity. (b) Seed Treatment Proper seed treatment is essential to ensure healthy growth. This includes three key steps: seed selection, drying, and seed coating. 1. Seed Selection: Before sowing, seeds should be selected based on size, color, fullness, and absence of damage or impurities. Only large, uniform, and intact seeds should be used to improve germination rates and purity. 2. Drying Seeds: Drying seeds under sunny conditions for 2–3 days can enhance their vigor, increase germination potential, and promote stronger seedlings. 3. Seed Coating: Using 50% carbendazim at a rate of 0.4% of the seed weight helps prevent diseases such as castor bean wilt. (c) Soil Preparation and Base Fertilization Soil preparation should begin in the fall of the previous year by deep plowing to a depth of over 25 cm, which helps control weeds and pests. If soil moisture is below 18–24%, irrigation is necessary. Once the surface dries, apply 30 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 300 kg of urea, 225 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 75 kg of potassium sulfate per hectare, ensuring even distribution in the tillage layer. (d) Mechanical Film Seeding A small film-seeding machine is used with 80 cm × 0.008 mm micro-film. The film should be laid straight, flat, and tightly covered. Secure the edges with soil and place additional soil every 2–4 meters to prevent wind from lifting it. Two rows of ramie are planted on the film, spaced 55 cm + 35 cm apart, with 27–28 cm between rows. Plant 1–2 seeds per hole, cover the seeds, and ensure no air leaks occur. (e) Field Management 1. Seedling Inspection and Replacement: About 15 days after sowing, check for weak or dead seedlings and replace them. When the plants have 2–3 true leaves, thin them to one plant per hole. 2. Weeding and Cultivation: When the seedlings have 4–5 leaves, manually remove weeds and cultivate the soil 2–3 times to loosen the soil and prevent lodging. 3. Chemical Regulation and Pruning: At 5–6 true leaves, apply 150 g of salicylamine per hectare to reduce stem elongation and prevent lodging. In high-density planting, only the main stem and ear are kept. Remove branches and lower leaves promptly to maintain optimal growth. Keep the plant height between 120–130 cm and the ear position at 50–70 cm. Maintain 11–13 leaves for proper ventilation and light exposure. 4. Top Dressing and Irrigation: During the bud to flowering stage, apply 150–225 kg of urea and 75 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare. Water the field as needed, and drain it promptly after each watering to prevent blight. 5. Pest and Disease Control: Common diseases include wilt, blight, leaf spot, and bacterial spot. Remove infected leaves and burn them. Apply 50% carbendazim as a seed dressing or foliar spray. For pests like ground tiger, grasshoppers, and bollworms, use crop rotation, deep plowing, and insecticides. Spray insect repellent once during the budding period, then again every 7–10 days. 6. Harvesting: Harvest when 80% of the main spikes turn dark brown with visible cracks in the pod. Dry and thresh the plants for storage and processing.

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