The Key Techniques of Grape Disease Prevention in Rainy Season

To ensure effective grape disease management, it's crucial to understand and follow a well-structured approach. First, the concept of timely spraying is widely recognized by farmers, yet in practice, many delay it due to rain or other tasks. This can be detrimental, as grapes are highly vulnerable to diseases. It's recommended to use fungicides with a residual effect lasting 17–21 days, applying them every 15 days. If heavy rain occurs during this period, adjust the schedule accordingly—shorten the interval if needed, and reapply after dry weather. Also, when using two different chemicals, especially those with acidic or alkaline properties, ensure there’s an appropriate gap between applications to avoid neutralization. Never skip spraying, as this can lead to serious disease outbreaks. Second, early detection is key. Diseases like downy mildew often appear under wet and humid conditions, particularly when there's a significant temperature difference between day and night. Farmers should inspect their vineyards daily, especially around the time of the "autumn" season, which in the Jiaodong peninsula usually begins about 10 days before the official start. When even a single leaf shows symptoms, immediate spraying is necessary. Commonly used treatments include 70% Kepo at 600x dilution, 80% Alpha-Phosphor at 300 mg/L, or a Bordeaux mixture of 1:0.780 ml per liter. Prompt action can prevent widespread damage. Third, the Bordeaux mixture has long been a staple for disease prevention due to its affordability and strong adherence. Many experienced growers rely on it as the primary treatment, combining it with other fungicides when needed. The standard dilutions vary depending on the growth stage: 1:0.5:240 before flowering, 1:0.7:220 after flowering, 1:0.7:200 during fruit swelling, and 1:1:1180 after harvest. In autumn, a 1:1:100 solution is often applied. If specific diseases like white rot or anthracnose appear, targeted sprays should be used. Most of these are acid-based, so timing with the Bordeaux mixture is important. Fourth, proper fertilization is essential. Over-fertilizing during the rainy season can lead to nutrient leaching, weakening the vines and reducing their resistance. Therefore, it's best to apply smaller amounts more frequently, especially in sandy soils. Combining fertilizers with foliar sprays can improve efficiency. For example, adding 0.5% urea to Bordeaux mixtures or 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with acidic sprays can enhance plant nutrition. Always test new products on a small scale before large-scale application. Fifth, maintaining soil aeration is vital. After heavy rains, compacted soil can reduce oxygen availability to the roots, weakening the plants. Regular cultivation before and during the rainy season helps maintain good soil structure and drainage, ensuring healthy root development and stronger resistance to disease. Lastly, keeping the vineyard clean is critical. Diseased leaves, branches, and fruits should be removed immediately and disposed of properly—either buried or burned. Weeds also harbor pests and pathogens, so they must be controlled regularly. When pruning diseased parts, make sure to clean and disinfect tools to prevent further spread. These practices help create a healthier environment and reduce the risk of disease outbreaks.

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