Occurrence and Control of Eggplant 28 Ladybugs

The 28-spotted ladybug, also known as the eggplant ladybug, is a member of the Coleoptera order and Coccinellidae family. Commonly referred to as the "flower sister" or "flower budworm," it is one of the most destructive pests affecting eggplants. Both adult beetles and their larvae feed on the leaves, often consuming the soft tissue and leaving only the veins behind. In severe infestations, this can lead to plant death. Additionally, these pests may attack the fruit and tender stems, feeding on petals and sepals, which results in hard, bitter, and lower-quality fruits. Morphologically, the adult 28-spotted ladybug measures about 6 mm in length, with a yellowish-brown coloration. It features three dark spots at the base of the elytra and four at the rear, arranged almost in a straight line. The spots are not connected between the two wings, and the body shape is hemispherical. The eggs are approximately 1.2 mm long, initially yellowish-white, later turning brown. They are laid in clusters. The larvae are pale yellow when first hatched, gradually turning white with white body hairs. They grow to about 5.5 mm in length. The adults become active in mid-to-late May, initially inhabiting weeds before moving to eggplants to feed. The second generation of larvae emerges in late July and reaches peak damage in mid-August. The third generation appears from mid-August to early October. The mating period occurs from mid-June to mid-August. The egg stage lasts 5 to 11 days, while the larval stage takes 16 to 26 days. After pupation (which lasts 5 to 7 days), adults of the next generation emerge several months later. These beetles thrive best at temperatures between 22°C and 28°C, with relative humidity ranging from 76% to 84%. For control, adult beetles can be effectively managed by using their tendency to remain still during midday heat, making it an ideal time for manual collection. Egg removal is also effective, as the eggs are laid in clusters and can be picked by hand. Field preparation and stubble management play a key role in reducing populations, as the beetles hide in leftover plant material after harvest. Cultivating the land thoroughly helps eliminate overwintering pests. Chemical control is recommended during the larval stages, especially when young instars are present. Pesticides such as 2.5% deltamethrin diluted 3000 times or 20% cypermethrin diluted 4000 times can be applied for effective control. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to preventing serious damage to eggplant crops.

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