Management points for pregnant sows

Proper management of pregnant sows is crucial for ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and her developing piglets. The primary goal is to protect the fetus, support its normal growth, and prevent complications such as miscarriage, abortion, or stillbirth. These issues are often caused by poor management practices, so it's essential to follow specific guidelines to maintain a safe and healthy environment for the sow. First and foremost, feed safety is vital. Avoid feeding sows any contaminated or spoiled feed, including moldy, frozen, or pesticide-laden materials. Silage with excessive acidity and distillers’ grains containing high alcohol levels should also be avoided, as they can lead to early pregnancy loss. Feed portions should be moderate, with more feed provided in the evening and less in the morning. Always clean up leftover feed before adding new portions, and inspect feed visually and by smell to ensure quality and eliminate any questionable materials. Preventing mechanical injuries is another key factor. Sows should not be overcrowded, chased, or handled roughly, as these actions can cause stress or physical harm. In the later stages of pregnancy, it’s important to feed them in a single pen to avoid competition and reduce stress. Maintaining a clean and hygienic living environment is essential. Regular cleaning and disinfection of the pigpen help prevent disease outbreaks. Ventilation should be adequate to keep the air fresh, while temperature control is necessary—warmth in winter and cooling in summer to prevent heat stress. During winter and spring, the area around the pen should be disinfected weekly using a 2% to 4% caustic soda solution, and weeds should be removed regularly. In warmer seasons, measures should be taken to control pests like flies, mosquitoes, and rats. Pregnant sows should not be transported over long distances, as this can cause unnecessary stress. Additionally, managing diseases such as mastitis and postpartum diarrhea requires careful attention. Ensuring that the sow has proper nutrition and care in the final weeks of pregnancy is critical for her health and milk production. Parasite control is also important. Before mating or during mid-pregnancy, a suitable deworming program should be implemented to prevent the spread of parasites like roundworms and swine fever. This helps protect both the sow and her future litter. Creating a calm and comfortable environment can significantly improve the sow’s well-being. Playing soft music in the last few weeks of pregnancy may help reduce stress. Massaging the udder and encouraging the sow to lie on her side can promote better milk flow and make nursing easier for the piglets. This also helps the pigs become more familiar with humans, which is beneficial during farrowing and after birth. By following these comprehensive management practices, farmers can greatly improve the chances of a successful and healthy pregnancy for their sows, leading to stronger, healthier piglets.

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