Management of tomato before and after colonization in spring and summer

The use of cold sheds for growing hard-tomato spring and summer pods offers several advantages, including high efficiency, low investment, simple facility setup, and quick results. Below are the key management practices before and after planting. 1. **Preparation for Planting**: The colonization process begins in mid-March, about 20 days before planting. Before planting, the shed temperature is heated to ensure a suitable environment. Insect nets should be installed on vents and entrances to prevent pest infestations. As soon as the ground thaws, plowing is done, followed by the application of 50,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, along with 80 kg of 15:15:15 NPK fertilizer as a base. The soil is then turned to a depth of 30 cm, broken up, and leveled to create a firm bed. 2. **Seedling Spacing**: The recommended spacing between plants is 40–45 cm, with rows spaced 75–80 cm apart. This allows for approximately 1,700 to 1,900 seedlings per mu. High ridges are used to improve drainage and root development. 3. **Seedling Care**: The main focus during this stage is maintaining proper insulation. Daytime temperatures should be kept between 25°C and 30°C, while nighttime temperatures should stay between 15°C and 18°C. During the slow growth phase, the greenhouse environment can become more restricted. If harmful gases develop due to organic fertilizers, timely ventilation is essential to maintain air quality. 4. **From Slow Growth to Flowering**: During this period, daytime temperatures should be controlled at 23°C–25°C, and the vents should be closed when the temperature drops to 18°C–20°C in the afternoon. Nighttime temperatures should remain around 13°C–15°C. Watering and fertilization play a crucial role. After planting, water the seedlings for 5–7 days. On sunny mornings, water should be applied, and 10 kg of urea can be added during watering. Once the soil becomes workable, the soil should be loosened to promote root growth. 5. **Post-Fruit Setting Management**: Once the fruits start setting, the shed should be ventilated. Ventilation begins when the temperature inside rises to 25°C. Maintain the temperature between 23°C–25°C during the day, 20°C in the afternoon, and 15°C–18°C at night. Keep the relative humidity between 50% and 60% to reduce disease risk. When the first ear reaches about 4 cm in diameter, water and fertilize again. Apply 25–30 kg of 15:15:15 NPK fertilizer per acre. From April, water every 8 days, and from May onward, every 6 days. Each time you water, apply an additional 25–30 kg of 15:15:15 compound fertilizer to support fruit development.

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