High-yielding Cultivation Technology of Winter Tomato

Tomatoes are a high-quality vegetable variety, rich in vitamins and carbohydrates, easy to grow, and capable of producing stable and high yields, typically ranging from 1600 to 2000 kg per mu. Growing tomatoes in winter fields is an effective way to boost income. To achieve high and stable yields, local farmers in Yangchun have developed several key cultivation practices that should be carefully followed. First, seedlings should be sown about 25 days before the late rice harvest. For every mu of tomato planting, you need approximately 0.05 mu of a seedbed, using around 10–12 grams of seeds. The seedbed should be plowed and loosened 1–2 days in advance, then prepared with fine soil. Apply base fertilizer, and spray a 600-fold solution of dichlorvos to eliminate pests before sowing. Sow the seeds evenly, cover them with 3 cm of fine soil or manure, and then add straw or pine needles on top. Keep the seedbed consistently moist but not waterlogged. During the seedling stage, apply diluted liquid manure or urea solution every 5–7 days to promote healthy growth. The seedling period usually lasts 22–25 days. Two to three days before transplanting, give a final top-dressing. When transplanting, try to keep as much soil around the roots as possible to reduce transplant shock. Second, prepare the soil thoroughly after the late rice harvest. Plow, loosen, and level the field, ensuring the soil is deeper than 25 cm. Apply 2000–2500 kg of well-decomposed pig manure as a base fertilizer. Plant in double rows with a width of 1.1–1.3 meters between the beds. Space the plants 21–23 cm apart within the row, and maintain a small row spacing of 0.6–0.7 meters. This setup allows for 2800–3000 plants per mu, ensuring good air circulation and light exposure. Third, manage fertilization and irrigation carefully. After transplanting, water the seedlings to help them establish roots and improve survival rates. Once rooted, apply root fertilizer to strengthen the seedlings. During the seedling stage, use diluted liquid fertilizers frequently but avoid over-concentration. As the plants grow, gradually increase the amount and concentration of fertilizer. Fertilize every 5–7 days. When the plant begins to flower, apply additional fruit-setting fertilizer. Mix 400–500 kg of cooked pig manure, 15–20 kg of peanut bran, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 5–6 kg of potassium chloride per mu, and apply it near the roots. During the flowering stage, apply another round of fertilizer, including 20 kg of peanut butter and 25 kg of compound fertilizer, along with 1000 kg of mixed organic fertilizer. After each harvest, perform a top-dressing to maintain productivity. Watering should be moderate during the seedling stage to prevent overwatering, which can lead to disease or weak growth. However, during the fruiting stage, tomatoes require more water. Combine watering with fertilization, and use furrow irrigation if possible. Avoid flooding the plants directly. In case of heavy rain, ensure proper drainage by clearing ditches promptly. Fourth, prune and top the plants regularly. Remove leggy branches and lateral buds to encourage better fruit development. Each inflorescence should bear 2–3 fruits; remove excess, deformed, or unproductive flowers and fruits. When topping, leave 2–3 leaves above the last inflorescence. Prune lateral shoots when they reach about 6.5 cm in length to maintain plant structure and airflow. Fifth, focus on pest and disease control. Common issues include bacterial wilt and late blight. Early prevention is key. Spray a 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture or a 600–800 fold solution of 50% carbendazim WP every 7–10 days for 2–3 times. Promptly remove infected plants to prevent the spread of disease. Regular monitoring and timely action are essential for a healthy crop.

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