There are four bogey to feed poultry and poultry
When using bean cakes as feed, it's important to avoid overfeeding. These high-protein feeds are ideal for young animals, breeding stock, and pregnant or lactating females. Livestock and poultry generally enjoy them, but they should be used in moderation. For pigs, bean cakes can make up 10% to 20% of their diet, but exceeding this amount may lead to diarrhea. Finishing pigs shouldn't receive too much, as it can result in soft fat and lower meat quality. In dairy cows, feeding about 4 kg per day can help increase milk production. However, overfeeding may cause the butter from their milk to become too soft. For chickens, a typical inclusion rate is around 20%. Feeding more than that could lead to digestive issues like diarrhea or even gout.
Bean cakes should not be used as the sole feed source. They are deficient in vitamin D and carotene, and their levels of iron, calcium, and phosphorus are not sufficient. Therefore, when feeding bean cakes to various types of livestock and poultry, it's essential to supplement with vitamins A and D, as well as calcium and phosphorus, to ensure a balanced diet and optimal health.
It's also important to avoid feeding raw bean cakes. Raw soybean meal, especially the by-product from solvent extraction, contains harmful substances such as trypsin inhibitors, urease, hemagglutinin, saponins, and goitrogens. Among these, trypsin inhibitors have the most significant negative impact. Fortunately, many of these compounds are heat-sensitive. Cooking the bean cakes before feeding can significantly improve their nutritional value. It's recommended to heat them to around 100-110°C. In rural areas, steaming is an effective alternative—boil water first, then steam for 30 to 50 minutes. However, care must be taken to avoid overcooking, as excessive heat can denature the protein, reduce the activity of amino acids like lysine and arginine, and destroy cystine.
Another key consideration is avoiding moldy bean cakes. Due to their high fat content, bean cakes are prone to spoilage and mold growth, which reduces their feed value and palatability. To prevent this, store them in a dry, well-ventilated, and dark area. Mold growth not only makes the cake bitter and less appealing but also poses a serious risk due to the potential presence of mycotoxins like aflatoxin. If any signs of mold are detected, the bean cakes should not be fed to animals to avoid poisoning. Regular monitoring and proper storage are crucial to maintaining feed safety and quality.
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