There are four bogey to feed poultry and poultry
It's important to use bean cakes in moderation. These are high-quality protein feeds ideal for young animals, breeding stock, and pregnant or lactating females. Livestock and poultry generally enjoy eating them. However, overfeeding can lead to health issues. For pigs, bean cakes should make up 10%-20% of their diet; exceeding this amount may cause diarrhea. Finishing pigs shouldn't be fed too much, as it can result in softer fat, which negatively affects meat quality. In dairy cows, feeding around 4 kg per day can help boost milk production. However, overfeeding may lead to softer butter when processed from the milk. For chickens, bean cakes can typically account for 20% of their diet. Exceeding this percentage might cause digestive problems like diarrhea or even gout.
Bean cakes should not be used as a sole feed source. They are low in vitamin D and carotene, and their iron, calcium, and phosphorus content is not sufficient. Therefore, when feeding livestock and poultry with bean cakes, it's essential to supplement their diet with vitamins A and D, as well as calcium and phosphorus, to ensure balanced nutrition.
Raw bean cakes, especially soybean meal (a by-product of solvent extraction), contain harmful substances such as trypsin inhibitors, urease, hemagglutinin, saponins, and goitrogens. Among these, trypsin inhibitors have the most significant impact on digestion. Most of these harmful compounds are heat-sensitive, so cooking is necessary to improve nutritional value. It's recommended to heat bean cakes to 100-110°C. In rural areas, steaming is also an effective method—boil water first, then steam for 30-50 minutes. However, the temperature and time must be carefully controlled. Overheating can denature the bean cake, reducing the activity of lysine and arginine, and even destroying cystine.
Proper storage is crucial to avoid mold. Bean cakes contain a high level of fat, making them prone to spoilage and mold growth, which reduces their feed value. Store them in dry, well-ventilated, and dark places to prevent rancidity and bitterness, which can lower palatability. Mold growth must be prevented to avoid toxic substances like aflatoxin, which can harm livestock and poultry. If mold appears, the bean cake should not be used, as it can cause poisoning.
In summary, while bean cakes are a valuable feed ingredient, they should be used carefully. Proper dosage, combination with other nutrients, adequate cooking, and correct storage are all essential to maximize their benefits and minimize risks.
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