Muddy artificial breeding seed breeding and growing techniques

Loach is a delicacy known for its tender texture and rich flavor, making it highly valued for both nutrition and medicinal benefits. As an economically important fish species, loach farming has great potential. Below are the detailed techniques for artificial propagation and breeding: **First, Artificial Breeding** 1. **Selection of Broodstock**: Loach broodstock can be collected from natural water bodies or markets. The selection criteria include fish over two years old, with a healthy appearance, normal coloration, and no visible injuries. Female loaches should be around 15 cm in length and weigh about 30 grams. Their bellies should be swollen and soft, with eggs visible near the vent. Males are slightly smaller, with milky white milt released from their vents. A male-to-female ratio of 1:3 is recommended. 2. **Hormone Injection and Spawning**: Spawning is conducted in cement tanks measuring 5 square meters, with a depth of 0.8 meters and a water level of 0.3 meters. The water used is well water that has been exposed to air, and the temperature is maintained at 23–25°C. The spawning medium consists of brown fabric or boiled cloth, placed in the center of the tank. Oxytocin, specifically human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), is used at a dose of 1,000 IU per female and half that for males. Each injection is 0.1–0.2 ml, administered using a 1 ml syringe and a 4-gauge needle. The needle is inserted at a 45-degree angle into the muscle, approximately 0.2–0.3 cm deep. About 10–15 hours after injection, the fish will spawn. For hatching, the hydrostatic incubation method is used. Water must be changed twice daily, with a temperature difference not exceeding 1–2°C. The hatchery pond is also a cement tank of 5 square meters, with a depth of 0.8–1 meter and a water level of 0.3–0.4 meters. The water is again well water that has been exposed. The hatching density is around 4,000 eggs per square meter. To prevent deformities, the hatchery should be shaded. On rainy days, a 1% malachite green solution is used for disinfection to prevent fungal infections. **Second, Seed Rearing** Fertilized eggs hatch within 2–3 days at 23–25°C. After hatching, fry are kept in hatchery ponds at a density of 3,000 per square meter. Three days post-hatching, they begin feeding. Initially, they are fed egg yolk, one yolk per 100,000 fry per day, with each feeding session limited to one hour. After 2–3 days, fresh leeches and rotifers are introduced. When fry reach about 1 cm in length, they are transferred to seedling ponds or continue growing in the same hatchery until reaching 3 cm, then moved to the breeding pond. The breeding pond is a concrete tank of 10 square meters, 0.8 meters deep, with 0.3 meters of water. Before stocking, the pond is disinfected by draining it to 0.1 meters, then applying 200 kg of calcined lime per 667 square meters. After 7–10 days, the fish are stocked at 2,000 per square meter. For the first 15 days, powdered compound feed is provided, gradually transitioning to plant-based feed. The feed formula includes 50% dried bristles, 30% fish meal, 10% wheat flour, and 10% pig blood meal. Feeding occurs three times daily—8 AM, 2 PM, and 5 PM—with the morning feed accounting for 50%, midday for 30%, and evening for 20%. The amount is about 8–10% of the fish’s body weight. Water quality must be monitored, especially in summer, when frequent water changes are necessary. When fish reach about 10 cm, they are moved to the adult breeding stage. **Third, Adult Breeding** Adult loach farming can take place in either cement pools or earthen ponds. Cement pools are 10 square meters, 0.8–1 meter deep, with 0.2 meters of humus on the bottom and 0.2–0.3 meters of water. Before stocking, the pool is disinfected similarly to the breeding pond process. Stocking density is 1,000 fish per square meter. Earthen ponds require reinforced walls made of prefabricated panels, with embankments 0.8 meters above the water surface and 0.8–1 meter wide. The bottom is compacted with triple soil, topped with 0.2–0.3 meters of humus. The pond area is 50 square meters, with 0.3–0.4 meters of water. Disinfection follows the same method as the cement pools, and stocking density is 600–800 fish per square meter. One week before introducing loaches, livestock manure is added at 2–3 kg per 10 square meters to enrich the water and promote food organisms. Feed options include rice bran, fish meal, minced animal organs, soybean cake, cottonseed meal, and pig blood meal. A typical experimental diet is 50% wheat flour, 20% soybean cake, 10% rice bran, 10% fish meal, 7% blood meal, and 3% Yeast Powder. The mixture is moistened and formed into soft blocks for feeding. Feed amounts vary depending on weather and season, generally 5–8% of total biomass, increasing to 10% during peak seasons. Feeding occurs twice daily—7–8 AM and 4–5 PM—with morning feed making up 60–70% of the daily ration. Adjustments are made based on fish consumption. Regular cleaning of feeding stations helps maintain water quality. In summer, water is changed daily, replacing half the volume. Quicklime (1.5–2 mg/L) or bleach (0.1 mg/L) is periodically added to control pathogens.

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