At present, we must pay attention to cotton blindness

This year's cotton pest situation has shown some differences compared to previous years. During the majority of the cotton growth cycle, the first and second generations of bollworms have not caused significant damage. It can be said that large-scale infestations of bollworms have been rare this season. However, during the later stages of growth, many farmers focused only on controlling *Fuxi* (likely referring to a specific pest), while neglecting other insect threats. In reality, pests that appear in the later growth stages are often a major factor in reducing cotton yields. The primary pests during this period are *blind maggots*, which belong to the order Hemiptera. These pests have strong reproductive capabilities, and their active period typically lasts from mid-May to early October. If left uncontrolled, they can cause serious yield losses. Based on long-term field experience and guidance, the author has developed a set of effective strategies for managing these pests, which are now shared with cotton farmers. **First, prevention is key.** 1. **Centralized control** is essential to prevent the spread of pests. This method ensures more effective management and reduces the risk of infestation moving between fields. 2. **Agricultural practices must be strictly followed.** Removing weeds, maintaining proper field hygiene, and preventing excessive plant growth can significantly reduce pest populations. 3. **Thorough treatment is necessary.** Each application should aim for complete coverage, ensuring no residue is left behind. After treatment, inspections should be conducted to ensure pest levels remain below acceptable thresholds. When infestations are high, repeated and comprehensive treatments are required to stop the pests from reproducing and persisting in the field. **Second, timing is crucial.** In our region, blind stink bugs can produce up to five or six generations per year. The first critical window for control occurs in mid to late May. At this time, if the rate of new damage reaches 1-2% (with small black spots appearing on young leaves), and about one hundred plants have at least one pest, it’s time to act. The second critical period comes in mid-June, when cotton enters the budding stage. If 3-5% of the plants show signs of damage, and there are 3-5 pests per hundred plants, immediate action is needed. The first and second generations are usually well-defined, making them easier to manage if controlled on time. However, starting in late June, the third generation begins, and subsequent generations overlap, making it harder to track. The cotton canopy becomes dense, and the field becomes difficult to treat. Farmers should check the top of the main stem and fruit branches regularly. If 5-10% of the plants show new damage, and each hundred plants contain five or more pests, prompt control is necessary. Usually, spraying should occur every seven days until the end of September. **Third, pesticide selection matters.** Through repeated trials, it has been found that mixing phoxim and malathion provides the best results in controlling blind stink bugs. Phoxim is highly effective and low in toxicity, with a strong knockdown effect. However, its short residual life means long-term use can lead to resistance. Malathion, on the other hand, has stomach, contact, and fumigant effects, making it a broad-spectrum insecticide. While it lasts longer, its knockdown ability is not as strong as phoxim. Using the two together complements their strengths, offering optimal control. Another option is a specialized product called “Crystal.” It requires 15 kg of water per package, and once sprayed, it remains effective for up to 20 days. This makes it a convenient and efficient choice for farmers looking for long-lasting protection against these pests.

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