Talking about how to increase the survival rate of yaks

The calf represents the future of the ranch, serving as the reserve force, fresh blood, foundation, and vital energy of the herd. From birth to six months of age, it is the most critical period for development, making it essential to treat calves with care, provide meticulous attention, and ensure proper upbringing. This will help them grow into healthy, productive members of the herd. Yak feeding is typically divided into two main stages: the nursing phase (from birth to 45–60 days) and the weaning phase (from 45–60 days to 180 days). Before birth, the calf is protected in the mother’s womb, but once born, it faces numerous environmental stressors. At this stage, its immune system is still developing, making it vulnerable to diseases such as upper respiratory infections (e.g., bronchial pneumonia) and gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea. These conditions are more common in northern China, especially during harsh winters when temperatures can drop as low as -10°C to -30°C. The cold climate, combined with poor ventilation and damp living conditions, increases the risk of illness. If not managed properly, these diseases can lead to high mortality rates, economic losses, and long-term health problems for the herd. In many cases, yaks receive insufficient attention during their early stages, leading to increased susceptibility to disease. This can result in stunted growth, reproductive difficulties, and even infertility. According to some reports, the annual elimination rate of yaks can exceed 10%, which is far above the acceptable rate of less than 2%. Improving survival rates during the calf stage is crucial for the long-term success of any livestock operation. To prevent diseases, colostrum plays a vital role. It provides essential antibodies that the calf cannot receive from the mother through the placenta. Calves should be fed high-quality colostrum within one hour of birth, with the first dose not exceeding 5% of their body weight. Subsequent feedings should occur within 6 to 9 hours, with a total of about 5 kg of colostrum given within 24 hours. Early feeding of solid food, such as grain pellets, around day 5–7 helps stimulate rumen development. By day 21–28, calves can begin eating quality roughage. During the nursing phase, feeding should follow the “three set” principle—timing, quantity, and temperature. Weaning typically occurs between 45–60 days, with gradual reduction in milk supply and introduction of supplemental feed. Proper hydration, cleanliness, and regular disinfection of feeding areas are also key to preventing disease. Clean water should always be available, and warm water should be provided during cold seasons. Cowsheds must remain dry and well-ventilated, with clean bedding and regular cleaning of the environment. Reducing stress is another important factor. In winter, protecting calves from cold is essential to prevent respiratory diseases, while in summer, managing heat stress and reducing herd density helps maintain health. Vaccination and preventive measures should also be implemented to protect against common illnesses. For bronchial pneumonia, treatment may include antibiotics such as streptomycin, kanamycin, or gentamicin. Severe cases may require intravenous medication, including tetracycline and corticosteroids. For calf diarrhea, the focus is on rehydration, anti-inflammatory drugs, and astringents. Oral medications like norfloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and berberine are commonly used, with severe cases requiring fluid therapy. By prioritizing the health and well-being of young yaks, farmers can significantly improve the productivity and sustainability of their herds.

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