Identification and prevention of peach tumor

Tuberomacephalus (monsteria), commonly known as peach leaf curl aphid or Prunus persicae, is a pest belonging to the order Hemiptera. These pests are widespread across China, both in northern and southern regions. They primarily affect fruit trees such as peaches, cherries, plums, pears, and ornamental plants like chrysanthemums and other members of the Asteraceae family. In recent years, the damage caused by this pest has become increasingly severe, with up to 100% infestation in replanted areas, 85% leaf damage, and over 20,000 aphids per tree in some cases. **Injury Symptoms** Adults and nymphs of the peach leaf curl aphid feed by clustering on the underside of leaves, with young leaves being the most vulnerable. Infested leaves curl inward along the edges, leading to abnormal thickening of the tissue, resembling insect galls. Initially, the affected areas appear pale green, but they gradually turn red. In severe infestations, entire leaves may roll into tight tubes, eventually drying out and significantly affecting the growth and development of the peach tree. **Morphological Characteristics** Adults come in two forms: wingless and winged. Wingless females measure 2.0–2.1 mm in length, are oblong in shape, and have a more swollen body. Their color varies from dark green, yellow-green, to yellow-brown, with a dark head and black markings on the abdomen. The frontal tubercle is prominent and tilted inward, while the antennae are filiform with six segments, and the base has two short segments. The compound eyes are reddish, and there are knob-like projections on the mid-thorax. The abdomen is cylindrical with a valance pattern and a sharp tip. Winged females are slightly smaller, measuring about 1.8 mm long, with a wingspan of approximately 5 mm. They are pale yellowish-brown, with a prominent frontal tubercle that tilts inward. Their antennae are also filiform, and they have multiple sensory pits. The abdominal tube is cylindrical, slightly swollen in the middle, with a black, imbricate pattern and a conical tail cone with a central constriction. Nymphs resemble the wingless females but are smaller, with wing buds, and their bodies are yellowish or light green, with darker heads and abdomens. Eggs are oval and black in color. **Occurrence Patterns** The peach leaf curl aphid can complete more than ten generations per year, with overlapping life cycles. Eggs overwinter on fruit tree branches and buds, hatching in spring as the first generation of nymphs. These nymphs feed on the underside of leaves, causing the typical curling symptoms. As the population grows, many adults and nymphs hide within the curled leaves, making control more challenging. May to July is the peak period for reproduction and damage. During this time, winged females migrate to chrysanthemum and other Asteraceae plants. In late autumn, they return to fruit trees to lay sexual eggs. Natural enemies play a significant role in controlling the aphid population. Key predators include ladybugs (Coccinella septempunctata), lacewings (Chrysopa sibirica), syrphid flies (Syrphidae septemera), and parasitic wasps such as Corydalis falciparum and Frangipani. **Prevention and Control Measures** 1. **Agricultural Control**: In winter, prune egg-laden branches, and in early spring, remove any infected parts. After summer migration, eliminate host plants like chrysanthemums around orchards. Collect and burn infested branches, eggs, and weeds to reduce pest populations. 2. **Protect Natural Enemies**: Encourage the presence of natural predators by avoiding broad-spectrum insecticides during their active seasons. Use selective pesticides that minimize harm to beneficial insects. 3. **Chemical Control**: Chemical treatments should be applied early, ideally during the bud stage before leaf rolling begins. Recommended options include 5.7% chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate at 2,500 times dilution, 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate at 2,000 times, 90% marvellous powder at 4,000 times, 70% Mirame powder at 5,000 times, and 48% Lex emulsifiable concentrate at 1,000 times. When spraying, add 1.5 ml of a wetting agent per liter of solution to break down the waxy layer on the aphids, improving pesticide absorption. To prevent resistance, alternate between different insecticides. Once leaves begin to curl and natural enemy populations are high, use highly absorbable insecticides to ensure effective control. For example, 40% omethoate can be applied by wrapping the trunk with bark and applying the solution inside, allowing it to be transported through the plant’s vascular system. This method enhances efficacy while protecting natural enemies.

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