To ensure successful goose hatching, it's important to carefully select the brooding mother geese. Most local goose breeds naturally have nesting instincts. The ideal candidates for brooding are geese that have already gone through at least one breeding cycle and have developed strong nesting behaviors. If a new goose without prior hatching experience is used, dummy eggs can be placed in the nest to encourage her to start incubating. Once the goose begins to sit quietly on the eggs, they can be introduced into the nest. In cases where no suitable mother goose is available, hens can be used as an alternative, but the number of eggs should be reduced accordingly. During the main goose breeding season, hatching is typically not required. However, many mother geese tend to nest in succession. Usually, after laying 9 to 14 eggs, a goose will begin to build a nest, and during the later stages of egg-laying, she may cover the eggs with her chest feathers—this is a clear sign that she is ready to brood.
Next, preparing the nest is crucial. The nesting area should be quiet, sheltered, and dimly lit. Some farmers use existing hatchery nests, while others construct their own using short bamboo rafts, about 45 to 50 cm in diameter. The inside of the nest should be lined with clean, soft grass or straw. Before placing the eggs, it's advisable to introduce a "lead" egg to help the mother goose become familiar with the nest. Then, place 10 to 12 eggs into the nest. It’s best to start the process at night, as this helps the goose feel more comfortable and reduces disturbances.
During the incubation period, several management practices should be followed:
1. **Identifying Brooding Geese**: On days two and three after the eggs are placed, observe the mother goose. If she shows signs of restlessness or frequently leaves the nest, she should be replaced with a more experienced goose.
2. **Artificial Egg Turning**: Although mother geese turn their eggs, the process is often inconsistent. To improve hatching success, manually turn the eggs 2 to 3 times daily. Position the eggs so that they lie flat on the side of the nest, ensuring even heat distribution.
3. **Maintaining Cleanliness**: Whenever eggs are turned, any soiled bedding should be replaced immediately to prevent contamination.
4. **Egg Management**: The incubation period usually lasts 28 to 31 days. Regularly check the eggs and remove any that show no signs of development. Extra goslings can either be re-incubated or gently stimulated to lay eggs again.
5. **Caring for the Mother Goose**: A brooding goose consumes a lot of energy over the course of a month, leading to significant weight loss. Poor management can result in the goose abandoning the nest or even dying. During this time, it's essential to allow the goose regular breaks for feeding, drinking, swimming, and grazing.
- **Days 1–10**: Separate the goose from the nest for short periods. Initially, she may need to be guided out, but once she becomes accustomed, she will leave on her own. Each break should last 30 to 40 minutes, allowing her to eat, drink, and swim. After she defecates and dries off, return her to the nest. While she's away, cover the eggs with a thin layer of cloth or cotton to keep them warm.
- **Days 11–27**: Reduce the frequency of breaks to once per day, and extend each session to 40 to 60 minutes.
- **Days 28–31**: To prevent injury to the developing embryos, move the eggs to a basket covered with a cloth. Force the goose to leave the nest, and let her graze with the flock while increasing her feed intake.
6. **Assisted Hatching**: If goslings fail to hatch on their own, gentle artificial assistance may be needed. This should only be done when the allantois has fully shriveled, and the gosling’s head is visible. If bleeding occurs during the process, stop immediately to avoid harm.
By following these steps, you can significantly improve the success rate of goose hatching and ensure the well-being of both the mother goose and the developing goslings.
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