Application of Biogas Fertilizer on Fruit Trees

Pollution-free green fruits are highly favored in the fruit market. Beyond the strict requirements for soil and environment, producing these safe fruits heavily relies on the use of organic fertilizers and the promotion of biological control technologies. Among these, biogas fertilizer stands out for its economic benefits, environmental friendliness, and high efficiency, making it increasingly popular among farmers. **I. Composition and Mechanism of Biogas Fertilizer** Biogas manure is a premium organic fertilizer rich in essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with trace elements like boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, antimony, and bismuth. It is widely used for apples, peaches, pears, grapes, vegetables, and other crops. When applied to fruit trees, it enhances flower bud differentiation, ensures even distribution of fruits, promotes thick and lush leaves, improves fruit size uniformity, brightness, sweetness, and overall tree vigor. Additionally, it effectively kills many pests and eggs, boosting the tree’s resistance. This makes it an ideal choice for growing non-polluted, safe fruit products due to its lack of pollution, no residue, and absence of drug resistance. Biogas fertilizer comes in two forms: biogas slurry and biogas residue. The slurry contains various biologically active substances such as amino acids, trace elements, plant growth hormones, B vitamins, and certain antibiotics. For example, butyric acid, gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid, and vitamin B12 have significant inhibitory effects on pathogens. Ammonia and ammonium salts in the slurry, along with some antibiotics, directly affect pests. Its high solubility and complete nutrient profile make it ideal for foliar application. Biogas residue, rich in organic matter and humic acid, plays a key role in soil improvement. It is suitable as base or topdressing fertilizer. Long-term use can loosen the soil, increase fertility, and boost yield by 8-10%. It also helps prevent soil compaction caused by long-term chemical fertilizer use. When applied to orchards, the raw materials continue to ferment underground, releasing nutrients that provide both immediate and long-term benefits. **II. Application of Biogas Slurry** 1. **Drenching**: Mainly used for top-dressing fruit trees, this method is easy to operate and requires low effort. Mixing biogas slurry with irrigation water allows better root absorption. Each tree typically receives 30-60 kg. Orchards with drip or seepage irrigation systems can combine watering and fertilizing by adding a biogas tank and mixing valve. 2. **Sprinkling**: Applied as top-dressing, the slurry is sprinkled on the soil surface and mixed with tilling to ensure nutrient retention. It is best applied 10-15 days before flowering and after harvest, at 20-50 kg per tree. 3. **Foliar Spraying**: A fully fermented and filtered solution is sprayed directly onto the leaves using a sprayer. It is more effective than chemical fertilizers and can be done throughout the growing season, especially during flowering and fruit development. It helps increase yield and prevent diseases, controlling pests like locusts and mites more effectively than chemical agents. Spraying should start at the fruit-setting stage, beginning with a 3:1 water-to-slurry ratio, gradually reducing to 1:1, and stopping 20-30 days before harvest. Best done in the early morning or late afternoon, avoiding midday heat. **III. Use of Biogas Residue** 1. **Deep Application**: Used as basal fertilizer, apply 40-80 kg per tree under the canopy, digging holes 30-40 cm deep. Add 300 grams of compound fertilizer and cover the soil. Apply after harvest, reducing the amount to avoid stimulating autumn shoots. 2. **Composting**: Mix biogas residue with soil in layers to create a compost pile. After 15-20 days, it becomes ready for use. Apply 30-50 kg per tree during fruit enlargement for noticeable yield increases. **IV. Precautions for Application** 1. Ensure biogas slurry is clear and filtered to avoid clogging the sprayer. Keep the sprayer sealed to prevent leakage. 2. Avoid overly concentrated slurry. For foliar application, mix 3 parts water with 1 part slurry. For pest control, spray the original liquid. 3. Focus on the underside of leaves for optimal absorption. 4. Spray after dew has dried in spring and autumn, or in the evening during summer. Avoid spraying during high noon or heavy rain. Apply every 7-15 days, and stop 20-30 days before harvest.

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