Muddy artificial breeding seed breeding and growing techniques

Loach meat is known for its delicate and delicious flavor, and it's also rich in nutrition and medicinal properties. As an economically valuable fish species, loach has a bright future in aquaculture. Below are the detailed techniques for artificial propagation and breeding: First, artificial breeding. 1. Selection of broodstock. Loaches used for breeding can be collected from ditches or local markets. The selection criteria include fish that are over two years old, with a healthy appearance, normal coloration, and no visible injuries. Female loaches should be around 15 cm long and weigh about 30 grams. Their bellies should be swollen and soft, with eggs visibly leaking out. Males are slightly smaller and release milky white milt when pressed. The male to female ratio is maintained at 1:3. 2. Hormone injection and hatching. Spawning takes place in cement tanks measuring 5 square meters, with a depth of 0.8 meters and a water level of 0.3 meters. The water used is well water that has been exposed to air, and the temperature is kept between 23-25°C. The spawning medium is made of brown leather or boiled cotton fabric, and it is placed in the center of the tank. The hormone used is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), with a dose of 1,000 IU per female and half that amount for males. Each injection is 0.1-0.2 ml, administered using a 1 ml syringe and a 4th gauge needle. The needle is inserted at a 45-degree angle into the back muscle, about 0.2-0.3 cm deep. About 10-15 hours after injection, the fish will begin to spawn. For hatching, the hydrostatic incubation method is used. Water must be changed twice daily, ensuring the temperature difference remains within 1-2°C. The hatching pond is a cement pool with an area of 5 square meters, 0.8-1 meter deep, and 0.3-0.4 meters of water. The water is again well water that has been exposed. The hatching density is approximately 4,000 eggs per square meter. During hatching, the hatchery should be shaded to prevent deformities. On rainy days, a 1% malachite green solution is used for disinfection to prevent fungal infections. Second, seedling cultivation. Fertilized eggs hatch within 2-3 days at 23-25°C. After hatching, the fry are raised in hatching ponds at a density of 3,000 per square meter. Three days after hatching, they start feeding. Initially, they are fed egg yolk, with one yolk provided per 100,000 fry per day, limited to one hour. After two to three days, live leeches and rotifers are introduced. After about ten days, when the fry reach 1 cm in length, they are transferred to seedling ponds or continue growing in the hatching ponds until reaching 3 cm, then moved to the breeding pools. The breeding pond is a concrete pool, 10 square meters in size, 0.8 meters deep, with 0.3 meters of water. Before stocking, the pond is disinfected by draining to 0.1 meters, then applying 200 kg/667 square meters of quicklime. After 7-10 days, the stock density is 2,000 fish per square meter. For the first half-month, they are fed powdered compound feed with the following formula: 50% dried bristles, 30% fish meal, 10% wheat flour, and 10% pig blood meal. Feeding occurs three times daily—at 8 a.m., 2 p.m., and 5 p.m.—with the amounts distributed as 50%, 30%, and 20%. The total feed is about 8-10% of their body weight. Water quality is monitored closely, especially in summer, where frequent water changes are necessary. When the fish grow to about 10 cm, they are moved to the adult breeding stage. Third, adult breeding. Adult loaches can be farmed in either cement pools or earth ponds. Cement pools are 10 square meters, 0.8-1 meter deep, with 0.2 meters of humus on the bottom and 0.2-0.3 meters of water. Before stocking, the pool is disinfected using the same method as for the breeding ponds. The stocking density is 1,000 fish per square meter. Earth ponds require reinforced walls with prefabricated panels, with the embankment 0.8 meters above the water level and 0.8-1 meter wide. The bottom is compacted with triple soil, topped with 0.2-0.3 meters of humus, and filled with 0.3-0.4 meters of water. Stocking density here is 600-800 fish per square meter. One week before introducing loaches, 2-3 kg of livestock manure is added per 10 square meters to enrich the water and promote natural food organisms. Feed options include rice bran, fishmeal, minced animal organs, soybean meal, bean dregs, and pig blood meal. A balanced diet formula used in experiments includes: 50% wheat flour, 20% soybean cake powder, 10% rice bran powder, 10% fish meal, 7% blood meal, and 3% Yeast Powder. The mixture is made into soft blocks and placed on the water surface. Feeding frequency varies depending on weather and season, with 5-8% of the total weight during normal periods and up to 10% during peak seasons. Two feedings per day—between 7-8 a.m. and 4-5 p.m.—with the morning portion making up 60-70% of the daily ration. Fish behavior is observed to adjust feeding amounts accordingly. Regular cleaning of feeding stations helps maintain water quality. In summer, water is changed daily, replacing half each time, and lime or bleach is applied regularly to control pathogens.

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