Prevention of Diseases and Insect Pests in Late Autumn
Virus Disease
Symptoms: The primary manifestation is a fern-like leaf viral disease, characterized by new leaves that appear slender and fern-like. The top buds develop into linear, narrow, and elongated leaves, with the leaflets gradually degenerating. The middle and lower edges of the leaves curl, and the plant becomes stunted to varying degrees.
Control Methods: (1) Rainproof cultivation is recommended. Use a shed film to provide shade and prevent rain, keeping the top and bottom vents open for ventilation on non-rainy days, and closing them during rainy periods. (2) Yellow sticky boards can be used to trap aphids. Cut a piece of wood or fiberboard measuring 50 cm in length and 20 cm in width, paint it yellow, and coat it with engine oil. Hang these boards at the top of the plants, using 30–40 per mu. (3) Apply a 100-fold dilution of NS83 virus-inducing agent at the early flowering stage, or use 5% mancozeb WP diluted 400 times, or 0.5% antitoxic agent diluted 300 times, or 20% botryosil WP diluted 500 times. Spray every 7–10 days, repeating 3–5 times if necessary. (4) Mix raw milk or soy milk diluted 100 times with spirulina or morpholinium, and apply it as a foliar spray. Additionally, use 1000 ppm gibberellin to reduce stunting and promote growth.
2. Leaf Mold
Symptoms: This disease primarily affects the leaves. Initially, irregular pale green spots appear on the leaves, which later develop into brown moldy layers. On the upper surface of the leaves, yellow lesions may appear, and severe cases show mildew. Eventually, the entire leaf turns yellow and curls up.
Control Methods: Spray with 2% Wuyimycin water at a 200-fold dilution, or 50% acetamiprid WP diluted 1000 times. Repeat the application every 7 days, and perform 2–3 sprays if needed.
3. Late Blight
Symptoms: This disease can affect leaves, stems, and fruits. On the leaves, a sparse white mold layer appears around the lesions, and the leaves gradually wither. In adult plants, the disease often starts from the lower leaves. Initially, small water-soaked, pale green spots appear, which then turn brown. When humidity is high, a white mold layer forms on the back of the leaves.
Control Methods: Spray 1% chlorothalonil powder per acre, applying once every 7 days. Alternatively, use 72% Kexue wettable powder diluted 400–600 times, 72% Kejinling WP diluted 800 times, or 72.2% Previcide 800X liquid. Another option is to use 45% chlorothalonil smoke agents at 150 grams per acre, split into 5–6 portions and burned in the evening. Apply every 7 days, repeating 3–4 times if needed.
4. Gray Mold
Symptoms: This disease mainly affects tomato flowers and young fruits. It usually begins with infection on the petals, stigma, and torus of the fruit. The infection then spreads to the fruit and stem, causing the skin to become soft and gray, eventually forming a large amount of gray, velvety mold.
Control Methods: In the early stages, remove old leaves to improve air circulation and reduce field humidity. Promptly remove diseased parts and bury or burn them to minimize pathogen spread. Control irrigation to avoid overwatering and enhance ventilation. For chemical control, spray 6.5% pyraclostrobin powder at 1 kg per mu, once every 7 days, repeating 3–4 times if necessary. Alternatively, use chlorothalonil smoke agents at 150 grams per acre, lit in the evening, repeated every 7 days, up to 3–4 times. You can also use 65% metalaxyl WP diluted 800–1500 times, 50% benalaxyl wettable powder diluted 1000 times, or 2% Wuyimycin water diluted 100 times. Spray every 5–7 days, repeating 2–3 times.
5. Insect Pests: Aphids, whiteflies, and Liriomyza sativa are commonly found. Yellow traps are preferred for monitoring and control. Alternatively, spray 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate diluted 3000 times, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder diluted 1500 times. Apply every 7–10 days for effective control.
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