Causes and Prevention of Crash Cylinder Cushion of Tractor

The cylinder head gasket is a flexible sealing component that sits between the cylinder head and the engine block. Its primary purpose is to fill in microscopic imperfections on the mating surfaces, ensuring a tight and effective seal. To perform this function under extreme conditions—such as high temperature and corrosive environments—the materials used must possess excellent elasticity and durability. A common issue known as "chong cylinder cushion" refers to a failure where the gasket is damaged due to abnormal exposure to high-temperature or high-pressure gases, or even cooling water. This damage compromises the seal, leading to several noticeable symptoms: the engine overheats, performance drops, bubbles appear in the coolant reservoir, hot air escapes from the radiator, oil levels rise due to contamination, and sometimes water or steam is expelled from the exhaust pipe. In severe cases, blackened burn marks can be observed on the damaged gasket area when it's removed. The main causes of gasket failure include issues with the cylinder head and bolts, as well as improper installation and maintenance. Let’s take a closer look at the problems related to the cylinder head and its fasteners: 1. If the tightening torque of the cylinder head nuts is too low, or if they are not tightened evenly in a diagonal pattern, or if the torque is too high and causes bolt deformation, the gasket won’t be properly compressed between the cylinder head and the block. This can lead to fuel gas leaking through the gasket, causing localized burning and failure. When assembling the cylinder head, it’s essential to tighten the nuts in a cross-symmetrical sequence using the specified torque, and to check their tightness again after 1–2 shifts of operation. 2. If the cylinder head bolts become loose, stretched, or deformed, uneven pressure may develop across the gasket, creating gaps that allow high-pressure gases to escape. These leaks often occur in the same spot repeatedly. If a bolt is found to be loose, it should be removed, the hole cleaned, and a thicker bolt with an expanded thread section installed. Cylinder head bolts are typically made from cold-drawn, annealed 40 or 45 steel, which provides the necessary strength and flexibility. Additionally, the surface finish of the cylinder head and engine block plays a crucial role. If the roughness (Ra) of the mating surfaces exceeds 6.3 μm, the gasket may not seat properly, leading to leaks and eventual damage. In such cases, the surfaces should be machined or ground to meet the required specifications. Ensuring proper surface quality and correct assembly procedures is vital for the long-term performance and reliability of the cylinder head gasket.

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