Fertilizers can be broadly categorized into several types, each serving different agricultural purposes.
1. **Organic Fertilizers**
(1) **Compost**: Made from a mix of plant materials like straw, fallen leaves, and animal manure. It is an excellent way to recycle organic waste and improve soil structure.
(2) **Manure**: This type of fertilizer involves the fermentation of organic matter under waterlogged conditions, which helps in breaking down the material into more usable nutrients.
(3) **Animal Manure Compost**: The excrement from animals such as pigs, cows, sheep, chickens, and ducks is mixed with straw or other bedding materials to create nutrient-rich compost.
(4) **Green Manure**: This involves growing plants like legumes or wild grasses and then plowing them back into the soil to enrich it with organic matter and nutrients.
(5) **Biogas Fertilizer**: A byproduct of biogas production, this includes the liquid and residue left after the fermentation process, which is rich in nutrients.
(6) **Straw**: Crop residues like rice, wheat, or corn straw are often used as organic fertilizers to return carbon and nutrients to the soil.
(7) **Mud Fertilizer**: Uncontaminated mud from rivers, ponds, or ditches can be used to add minerals and nutrients to the soil.
(8) **Cake Fertilizers**: These include byproducts from oilseed processing, such as rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, and peanut cake, which are rich in nitrogen and other essential nutrients.
(9) **Ash Fertilizer**: Burnt plant materials like grass, charcoal, or straw produce ash that contains potassium and other minerals useful for plant growth.
2. **Commercial Fertilizers**
(1) **Commercial Organic Fertilizers**: These are processed forms of organic materials, including animal waste, plant residues, and food scraps, designed for easy application.
(2) **Humic Acid Fertilizers**: Contain humic and amino acids derived from peat, sugarcane sludge, or other organic sources, improving soil fertility and plant health.
(3) **Microbial Fertilizers**: These include various types like Rhizobium-based products that help legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen, Azotobacter for nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. Compound microbial fertilizers combine multiple beneficial microbes for enhanced efficiency.
(4) **Organic-Inorganic Compound Fertilizers**: These are blends of organic materials and inorganic nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with micronutrients such as zinc and boron.
(5) **Inorganic Fertilizers**: Include nitrogen-based (e.g., urea, ammonium chloride), phosphate-based (e.g., superphosphate, rock phosphate), and potassium-based (e.g., potassium chloride, sulfate) fertilizers. They also include calcium and magnesium sources, as well as compound fertilizers that contain two or three primary nutrients.
(6) **Foliar Fertilizers**: Applied directly to plant leaves, these include products like Qingfeng, Brassolin, Wandefu, Lvfengbao, and
Others, which provide quick nutrient absorption and support plant growth.
3. **Trace Element Fertilizers**
These contain essential micronutrients such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum. Examples include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, and potassium chloride, which help correct deficiencies and improve crop yield.
4. **Other Specialized Fertilizers**
(1) **Sea-Based Fertilizers**: Derived from marine sources like fish waste, shrimp remnants, and shellfish, these are natural and rich in nutrients.
(2) **Animal Byproduct Fertilizers**: Includes items like bone meal, wool waste, and livestock processing byproducts, offering a sustainable way to reuse organic materials.
By using a combination of these fertilizers, farmers can enhance soil fertility, promote healthy plant growth, and ensure long-term sustainability in agriculture.
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