The main breeding grass carp standardized culture technology

In Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, raising grass carp has become the dominant method of freshwater aquaculture. This species is favored for its ability to clean water, high oxygen tolerance, strong appetite, and resistance to disease. However, due to the lack of standardized cultivation techniques, fish farming with grass carp carries increased risks, including potential losses. Based on years of experimental experience, we have come to believe that "To maintain a healthy fish population, you must first manage the water quality. Preventing and treating fish diseases is essential." The following outlines the best practices for the standardized culture of adult grass carp. 1. **Pond Conditions** The location should be well-watered, easily accessible by transport, and equipped with reliable electricity. The pond should be rectangular, oriented east-west and wide north-south. A depth of 3 meters is ideal, with a water depth of 2-2.5 meters. An area of about 8 acres is suitable. The water source must meet national fishery standards, allowing for easy water intake and drainage. The soil should retain water well and be rich in nutrients. A feeding platform should be placed on one long side, and an aerator of 3 kW should be available. 2. **Fish Stocking** The fish species should be healthy, uniform in size, and free from disease or injury. It's important that all stocked fish come from the same source. Grass carp should be the main species, supplemented with silver carp, common carp, and other compatible species. These secondary fish help improve water quality by consuming organic matter without competing with grass carp. However, bluefish (squid) should be limited, as they are more aggressive and may interfere with feeding. If included, their size should be smaller than grass carp, with no more than 100 per mu. A typical stocking plan for 1000 kg per mu includes: 700 grass carp (100g/tail), 300 common carp (50g/tail), 80 bighead carp (50g/tail), 500 squid (10g/tail), 300 silver carp (25g/tail), and 100 summer carp. 3. **Feeding Techniques** After acclimating with granular feed, it's important to follow the “four determinations” (quantity, quality, timing, and location) and “four observations” (fish behavior, water conditions, feed consumption, and health). Use specialized grass carp pellets, as improper protein levels can affect growth or increase costs. Fresh green feed is recommended. Feeding should be done using a feeder to ensure even distribution, preventing smaller fish from being left out. From March to April, feed three times daily—8:30 AM, 11:30 AM, and 3:00 PM. In May and September, feed four times: 8:00 AM, 11:00 AM, 1:30 PM, and 3:30 PM. After each feeding, check that 80% of the fish have eaten. Evening or nighttime feeding is preferable, as grass carp tend to be more active at these times. 4. **Water Quality Management** Grass carp prefer clear water, so regular water exchange is necessary to remove waste and prevent pollution. Maintain a transparency of at least 30 cm. Starting April 1st, apply lime to the pond—50 kg/mu for 1m depth, 150 kg/mu for 1.5m, and 200 kg/mu for 2m. Add water the next day. Repeat this process in late May with 50–60 kg/mu of lime. Every 8 days from June, add 15–25 kg of phosphate fertilizer per acre to promote plankton growth. Lime and phosphate fertilizer should be alternated every 15 days. On June 20th, apply 60–75 kg/mu of lime and add water the next day. During hot months (July–September), keep the water level high and change it every 5–7 days, adding at least 20 cm each time. Also, pump water every 15 days, starting with 10 cm of new water before removing old water to avoid sudden changes. Avoid pumping during cloudy or rainy weather. If algae or “red water” appears, avoid using lime or nitrogen fertilizers. After a major water change, use phosphate fertilizer to balance the water. Always adjust water quality before applying any medication. 5. **Disease Prevention** Prevention is key in intensive grass carp farming. Ensure strict disinfection and regular feeding of medicated baits. The period from Gu Yu to Xia Sha is considered the “golden season” for disease prevention. One week before stocking, drain 20 cm of water and spray the entire pond with 125 kg of lime slurry to achieve “three whites”—white bottom, white walls, and white water—to eliminate harmful bacteria, parasites, and wild fish. In late April, spray 0.5 kg of trichlorfon and 5 kg of salt per mu, then add water after three days. Repeat this in late June with the same dosage. If rain occurs, add water promptly. In early May, feed baits containing trichlorfon and salt to prevent parasites and enteritis. Mix 150–250 g of trichlorfon with 10 kg of cold water and 50 kg of bran, add 1.5 kg of salt, and feed after 20 minutes. This bait can be used for 3 days. 6. **Daily Management** Conduct three inspections daily—morning, evening, and midnight—to monitor feeding, floating heads, water quality, and fish activity. Remove excess grass and dead fish promptly. At night, assign shifts to observe the pond hourly and activate the aerator if needed. Keep a detailed log of all activities to support future management decisions and planning.

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