Symptoms and Control Measures of Cucumber Bacterial Kerb Disease

In recent days, several readers from different regions, including Mr. Ma from Xiping County, Ms. Li from Shangshui County, and Mr. Zhu from Linzhou City, contacted the newspaper's Technology Hotline 110 to seek information about cucumber bacterial angular spot. In response, the reporter reached out to experts from the newspaper's advisory group for detailed insights. According to the experts, cucumber bacterial angular spot is a bacterial disease that primarily affects cucumbers, as well as other gourd and melon crops. It is one of the most common and destructive diseases in cucumber cultivation. **Symptoms of the Disease** The disease mainly affects the leaves, fruits, stems, petioles, and tendrils of the plant. Both seedlings and mature plants can be infected. The infection typically starts on the lower, older leaves and gradually moves upward. Initially, small water-soaked spots appear, which are limited by the leaf veins. These lesions take on a polygonal shape, ranging from pale yellow to brown, with a yellow halo around the edges. When humidity is high, a milky, opaque mucus develops on the back of the lesions—this is a typical sign of bacterial infection. In dry conditions, the mucus dries up, leaving behind white marks. The affected areas become brittle and may rupture, causing holes in the leaves. In comparison to downy mildew, which produces an off-white mold layer under high humidity, this disease is characterized by its bacterial exudate. Severe infections can cause entire leaves to dry out and curl up. At the seedling stage, cotyledons may show small, water-soaked, round spots that gradually turn yellow-brown and sunken. When the fruit is infected, the skin shows watery spots that later enlarge into light brown, sunken lesions. In severe cases, the lesions merge and form irregular shapes. The affected areas exude a large amount of opaque, bacillary pus. Older lesions turn gray or white and develop ulcer-like cracks. If left unchecked, the pulp may become discolored, and the seeds could become infected, spreading the bacteria further. Infected young fruits often drop prematurely or develop into deformed ones. **Prevention and Control Measures** **(A) Seed Treatment** It is crucial to use seeds from disease-free sources. Before sowing, seeds should be soaked in warm water at 50°C for 20 minutes to reduce the risk of infection. **(B) Crop Rotation** To minimize the spread of pathogens, it is recommended to rotate cucurbit crops with non-related crops each year. This helps reduce the buildup of disease-causing organisms in the soil. **(C) Field Management** Cucumbers should be grown in controlled environments like greenhouses or tunnels. Proper watering and fertilization are essential, and ventilation should be maintained regularly. Watering and fertilizing should be done in the morning on sunny days, and dehumidification should begin promptly after watering. Even on rainy days when temperatures remain above 12°C, daily ventilation is necessary to prevent excessive moisture. **(D) Field Cleanliness** During the growing season, old leaves should be removed to improve air circulation and light penetration. After harvest, all diseased plant material must be cleared, taken out of the field, and either buried deeply or burned. This helps reduce the chances of re-infection. **(E) Drainage and Humidity Control** Proper drainage systems should be maintained to prevent waterlogging after rain. Lowering the groundwater level and controlling humidity within greenhouses can significantly reduce disease occurrence. **(F) Chemical Control** Chemical treatment should start at the first signs of infection. Spraying should be repeated every 7–10 days, with 3–4 applications typically required. In severe cases, more frequent spraying may be necessary. Recommended chemical treatments include 47% Garethon WP diluted 600–800 times (125–165 grams per mu), 50% Daisen Aqueous Solution diluted 1000 times (100 grams per mu), 72.2% Precise Liquid Agent (100 grams per acre), Fenghuo Amine Wettable Powder diluted 800 times (125 grams per mu), 30% DT Wettable Powder diluted 600 times (165 grams per mu), and 77% Can Kill Wettable Powder diluted 1000 times (100 grams per mu). By implementing these preventive and control measures, farmers can effectively manage cucumber bacterial angular spot and protect their crops from significant losses.

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