Bisporus sp. fermented soil and other production methods

At present, foreign mushroom farms commonly use saturated peat or high-porosity peat as a cover material due to its excellent water retention and ability to support high yields per unit area. In China, there are roughly five types of cover materials used domestically: coarse and fine soil, mixed soil, river mud, fine mud, and fermented soil. Among these, fine muddy soil and fermented soil stand out for their simplicity in production and superior covering performance. These materials have been specifically developed based on local mushroom cultivation practices and rural conditions. Both materials offer high water-holding capacity, good porosity, and an appropriate level of organic matter, making them ideal artificial cover materials. Fine muddy soil is created by mixing fine mud with earthworms in a specific ratio. This combination improves the physical properties of the soil, resulting in a material that not only retains a lot of water but also maintains good air circulation. After being covered, this material allows the mycelium to spread quickly, increasing the storage capacity of the fungal network. As a result, mushrooms grow faster and yield higher output. The production process involves several steps: 1. **Preparation of Fine Mud**: Three weeks before application, clean vegetable garden soil is dug up to a depth of 30 cm, free from roots or debris. It is then sifted through a 27-mesh sieve (per 10 cm) to obtain fine mud, while the un-sieved portion is called "soybean soil" for later use. Both types of soil need to be dried thoroughly. 2. **Processing and Mixing**: To prevent bacterial contamination, the fine mud is sterilized using formaldehyde 5–6 days before application. Fresh wolfberry is soaked in sunlight for two days, then placed under direct sun for another two days before being immersed in lime water (pH 10) for 24 hours. Two days before use, earthworms are treated with 0.5% dichlorvos solution, covered with plastic for 12 hours, and left to dry afterward. On the day of application, the fine mud is mixed with wolfberry in a 1:24 ratio, along with 1–2% lime powder. The mixture is semi-dry and ready for use the next day. For an 111-square-meter cultivation area, 3,000 kg of fine mud, 125 kg of dried wolfberry, and 50 kg of lime are required. Fermented soil, on the other hand, is made by adding dry cow or pig manure and other organic substances to the soil. Through anaerobic fermentation under controlled temperature conditions (typically July and August), the soil's physical properties and nutrient content improve, making it suitable for covering. This material has good water retention, high porosity, and adequate organic matter, which reduces labor and increases yield by 10–15%. Its production involves the following key steps: 1. **Fermentation Preparation**: Soil and organic matter are mixed in a loose field near a water source. A 15-square-meter plot is prepared, and the soil is dug to a depth of 25–30 cm. Dry cow dung (125–150 kg), wheat husk or glutinous rice (200 kg), lime (10 kg), and superphosphate (20 kg) are added and mixed well. Water is added until the surface is about 5 cm above the soil, and the area is covered with plastic to promote fermentation. Bubbles appear within 2–3 days. 2. **Turning the Heap**: The pile is turned every 7 days to ensure even fermentation. The second turn occurs after another 7 days, and the pH is checked. If it’s below 8, additional lime is added. If excessive bubbling is observed, the process may be repeated. The entire fermentation takes around 30 days, with sandy soils requiring 3–5 extra days. Throughout the process, water should remain 5 cm above the soil surface. 3. **Harvesting the Soil**: Once the fermented soil develops cracks and can be walked on, it is carefully excavated. After drying and partial moisture, the soil is crushed to particles no larger than 1 cm. It must not be stored in ridges unless fully dried, as improper storage can lead to bacterial growth.

Bean Paste

Bean Paste,Processing Bean Sauce Catering,Soy Bean Seasoning Food,Authentic Chili Bean Paste

Guizhou Guisanhong Food Co., Ltd , https://www.guisanhong.com