Before starting the agricultural motor should pay attention to matters

In recent years, with the completion of rural power grid renovation projects, electricity rates in rural areas have dropped. However, as the cost of diesel, gasoline, and agricultural machinery such as water pumps, peanut shelling machines, threshers, crushers, rice mills, and other equipment has risen, more farmers are turning to electric motors as a reliable power source. Unfortunately, accidents—ranging from personal injuries and fatalities to motor fires—have occurred due to improper pre-start checks. These incidents often result from not verifying the motor’s condition or the voltage supply before operation. As a result, understanding how to properly inspect an agricultural motor before starting it has become increasingly important for users. Below is a detailed guide on how to perform these essential checks: 1. **Clean the Motor and Surroundings**: Remove any dirt, debris, or flammable materials around the motor. A clean environment helps prevent overheating and reduces fire risks. 2. **Check Mechanical Components**: Before starting, ensure that the motor rotates smoothly without any friction, jamming, or unusual noises. Inspect the connected machinery to make sure it is not stuck, and check the belt tension. The belt should be neither too tight nor too loose. Also, verify that all bolts and pins on the coupling are secure and not loose. 3. **Verify Voltage Supply**: Check that the line voltage is within acceptable limits. If the voltage is too high or too low, do not start the motor. Normally, the voltage should stay within +10% to -5% of the rated value. 4. **Start Under Light Load**: Begin operation under no-load or light-load conditions. Ensure no people are nearby, and the operator should stand to the side to avoid arc burns. Use a star-delta starter if necessary, following the proper procedures to reduce voltage during startup. 5. **Inspect for Malfunctions**: If the motor fails to turn, runs slowly, or produces strange sounds after being turned on, stop immediately and check for power issues. Only restart once the problem is resolved. 6. **Avoid Simultaneous Starts**: When multiple motors are in use, start them one at a time rather than all at once. This prevents overloading the electrical system. 7. **Control Start Frequency**: Limit the number of consecutive starts. If a motor is started repeatedly, allow sufficient cooling time between each start. Generally, no-load starts should not exceed 3–5 times, and under load, it should not exceed two times to avoid overheating and potential damage. 8. **Correct Rotation Direction**: If the motor starts in the wrong direction, stop it immediately. To reverse the rotation, simply swap any two of the three-phase power cables. For newly installed or long-idle motors, additional checks are necessary: 1. **Check Structural Integrity**: Ensure the motor base is stable, bolts are tightened, and bearings are properly lubricated. Confirm that the wiring meets specifications and that the insulation resistance is tested using a megohmmeter. 2. **Verify Electrical Components**: Check that the fuse rating is appropriate, and that the wiring of the starting equipment is correct. Ensure that the starting device operates smoothly without sticking and that all contacts are good. 3. **Grounding and Earthing**: Make sure the metal casing of the motor and starting equipment is properly grounded or connected to neutral. According to China's "Low Voltage User Electrical Installation Regulations," protective grounding is required for rural electrical equipment to ensure safety. By following these steps, farmers and operators can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and prolong the life of their agricultural motors. Always prioritize safety and regular maintenance to ensure efficient and trouble-free operation.

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