Breeding Techniques of Green Shrimp Seedlings
2025-07-07 03:18:22
Shrimp reproduction is a complex and carefully managed process that involves several key stages. First, understanding their breeding habits is essential. Shrimp are dioecious, meaning they have separate sexes. Mature males are typically more robust than females, often reaching about 1.5 times the size of females. The spawning season generally runs from April to September, with peak activity occurring between June and July. Spawning occurs in water temperatures above 18°C. After mating, female shrimp can lay eggs within 24 hours, producing anywhere from 1,000 to 2,500 egg capsules. These oval-shaped eggs are clustered on the female's swimmerets, where the constant movement of the appendages ensures good oxygenation and promotes successful hatching. The entire incubation period lasts approximately 22 to 25 days.
Next, preparing the breeding pond is crucial for success. The nursery pond should have a reliable water source, efficient drainage and irrigation systems, and must be free from pollution. A typical size is around 1 to 2 mu (approximately 0.67 to 1.33 acres), with a water depth of 1 to 1.5 meters. Before use, any excess sludge should be removed, and the pond should be thoroughly cleaned with quicklime to eliminate pathogens. Once the lime has taken effect, new water is introduced through an 80-mesh sieve to prevent unwanted organisms from entering.
Selecting high-quality broodstock is another important step. Egg-carrying green shrimp can be collected from aquaculture ponds or natural waters, usually in early May. Broodstock should be over 5 cm in length, with well-developed gonads or visible eggs, intact limbs, and no signs of disease. During non-breeding seasons, the male-to-female ratio is typically 2:1 or 3:1, but only females are used during the breeding season to ensure optimal conditions for egg production.
When stocking the broodstock, it’s best to select shrimp that have already started carrying eggs, as this helps ensure uniform larval size. About 10 kg of broodstock per acre is recommended, and it's advisable to place them in small net cages (100 cm x 70 cm x 50 cm) in shallow areas of the pond. Each cage should contain 0.5 to 1 kg of shrimp. Once the eggs hatch, the cages are removed, and the broodstock can be sold.
During the breeding phase, the broodstock should be fed once daily. Their diet includes chopped snails, quail meat, vegetable cakes, bean cakes, and bran—mixing both animal and plant-based foods. The daily feed amount should be 5-7% of the total weight of the broodstock, and feeding should take 1-2 hours. Regular cleaning of the cages is necessary to maintain water circulation and ensure good water quality.
As the eggs hatch into larvae, proper cultivation techniques are needed. When the eggs become transparent and eye spots appear, zoea larvae are ready to hatch. At this stage, organic fertilizers like fermented pig or cow manure can be added to the pond to stimulate the growth of rotifers and copepods, which serve as food for the young shrimp. Fertilization should occur every 4-5 days at a rate of 100-150 kg per mu. If zooplankton levels are low, additional fertilizer or soybean slurry (1.5-2 kg per acre daily) can be used to support the larvae.
Finally, after about a month of growth, the larvae will undergo multiple molts and develop into juvenile shrimp. When the shrimp reach about 1 cm in length, they should be transferred to a larger culture area for further development. This careful management throughout the breeding cycle ensures healthy, strong shrimp that are ready for market.
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