Sweet Cherry Shaping

The structure of a high-yield sweet cherry tree is characterized by a low trunk with a short, compact crown. It features fewer but more evenly distributed branches, which allows for better light penetration. The main tree shape resembles a modified central leader, similar to the free spindle shape seen in apple trees. The shaping process begins in the first spring, where the trunk height is set above 90 cm. Through careful sprouting and bud removal, 3–5 main branches are cultivated at about 60 cm from the ground, spaced roughly 20 cm apart and evenly spread in space. In the second year, the central leader is extended to 40–60 cm, and additional main branches are selected as needed. The previous year's branches are not cut but opened up to improve their angle. This process is repeated for 2–3 years until the tree structure is well established. Common pruning techniques include: 1. **Slow release**: Allowing one-year-old branches to grow naturally without cutting, commonly used on young trees to promote vegetative growth. 2. **Short cuts**: Trimming back one-year-old branches to encourage branching and crown expansion. 3. **Thinning**: Removing entire branches from the base to reduce crowding and improve light exposure. Large branches should be removed carefully to avoid damage or gumming. 4. **Retraction**: Cutting back older branches during dormancy to rejuvenate the tree. 5. **Bud carving**: Using a small saw to make a horizontal cut over a bud to stimulate its growth. This must be done when the bud is green but not yet open. 6. **Topping**: Removing the tip of new shoots before they lignify to control growth and encourage fruiting. 7. **Twisting**: When a shoot is semi-lignified, twisting it 180 degrees to control vegetative growth and promote flower buds. 8. **Branch pulling**: Gently lifting a branch from the base to the tip, injuring the xylem slightly without breaking it, typically done between May and August. 9. **Opening angles**: Artificially spreading the angle of main branches to prevent upright growth and improve light distribution. For young trees (3–4 years old), pruning should be light and sparse, focusing on leaving more branches to increase foliage and speed up fruiting. Strong upright branches should be thinned, while weaker ones can be pruned to become productive fruiting branches. During the early fruiting stage (2–3 years after planting), the focus shifts to maintaining strong growth and balancing fruit production. Pruning involves retraction and renewal to keep the tree vigorous. Careful trimming ensures that fruiting branches, nutrient branches, and supporting branches all work together to maintain high yields. In aging trees, annual rejuvenation is essential. Large branches are gradually replaced by selecting new shoots from the base. Once the new branches are established, they help restore the tree’s vigor and productivity. This process helps extend the tree's economic lifespan and ensures consistent yields over time.

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