Pears

The **Quadraspidiotus perniciosus**, commonly known as the **San Jose scale**, is a pest belonging to the order **Homoptera** and is often referred to as the "tree scorpion" due to its hard, shell-like appearance. This insect is widely distributed across China and is found in all major fruit-producing regions. In addition to apple trees, it infests over 150 plant species, including pears, peaches, plums, hawthorns, apricots, grapes, and various fruit trees. ### Damage Characteristics Both adult females and nymphs feed by sucking sap from stems, leaves, and fruits, which weakens the tree and can lead to severe damage or even death in extreme cases. Infested fruits often show a red halo around the feeding site, known as a "wound." When branches are damaged, the xylem turns light reddish-brown. On apple trees, affected branches become weak, with sparse foliage. The fruit may develop yellow, round spots, and in some varieties like 'Guoguang' or 'Ruby,' large purple halos may appear on the surface. The adult scale has a gray, rounded shell with concentric rings and a small yellow bump in the center. Underneath, the body is yellow or orange. Once attached to a branch, the shell becomes tightly adhered, causing the bark to turn bright reddish-brown with many small bumps, making it easy to identify. ### Morphological Features - **Adults**: Female adults have a slightly raised, nearly circular shell, about 1.7 mm in diameter, gray with concentric lines and a central yellow to brown spot. Male adults are oblong, measuring 1.2–1.5 mm in length, with three distinct ridges on their shell. The male's body is about 0.6 mm long, with two dirty white wings that allow them to fly. - **Nymphs**: Oval and flat, ranging in color from pale yellow to orange. - **Pupae**: Only males undergo pupation, and they are naked, forming inside the shell, appearing orange in color. ### Life Cycle and Occurrence In the old orchard areas along the Yellow River, the San Jose scale completes three generations per year. Second-instar nymphs and a few fertilized females overwinter on branches and fruits. As temperatures rise in early March, the insects become active again. By early April, both male and female scales begin to develop. Mid-to-late April marks the emergence of adults. In early May, males emerge and mate. The first generation of females gives birth to nymphs in mid-May, with the first nymphs appearing between late May and early June. These nymphs quickly leave their mother’s shell and move to new feeding sites—branches, leaves, and fruits—where they insert their mouthparts and secrete wax to form a protective shell within 1–2 days. After three molts, they mature into adults. Due to the long development time of females, the life cycle can be irregular. The second generation of nymphs appears from mid-July to early September, and the third from early September to early November. Populations can reach up to 300 individuals per branch. Before July, damage is mainly on branches, but after August, fruit damage increases significantly, especially in late-maturing varieties. Long-distance spread occurs through infected seedlings, scions, and transported fruits. ### Control Methods 1. Early detection is crucial. Manual removal of infested branches or brushing off larvae can help prevent further spread. 2. During the dormant season, before bud break, spraying 3–5° Baum’s lime sulfur solution is effective. The first generation of nymphs, active in March and June, is the most critical period for control. Spraying 40% Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) of available speed culling or 20% Net Kuwana EC diluted at 1000 times shows significant results. By combining early intervention and chemical treatments, farmers can effectively manage this destructive pest and protect their orchards.

POCT Analyzer

The characteristics of POCT devices determine that they can play an important role in primary medical institutions. In order to standardize and strengthen the application of on-site rapid testing in primary medical and health institutions, promote the rational allocation, safe and effective use of POCT in primary medical and health institutions, give full play to its use value, and ensure the healthy development of medical and health services, "On-site Point-of-care Testing (POCT) Primary The Expert Consensus on the Application of Medical and Health Institutions (hereinafter referred to as the "Consensus") came into being. The consensus was published in the 2019 "China Medical Equipment" magazine after first draft writing, 2 expert on-site discussions, 2 expert online review meetings, and 3 submission revisions. The formulation of the consensus will greatly promote the management standards of the POCT industry, continuously increase the training of grass-roots personnel, deeply understand the application requirements of POCT at the grass-roots level, and promote the rapid development of the POCT industry.
Point-of-care testing (POCT) represents a fruitful method in today's hospitals in terms of patient care and cost management. Its application enables some of the testing items originally undertaken by the central laboratory to be transferred to the clinical departments and patient beds that need it. side. For blood gas analysis technology, POCT has shown great advantages.

Our blood gas analyzer is small and portable, beautiful in appearance, accurate in results and good in stability. It is a blood gas analysis platform with both appearance and strength. It can be used not only in the central laboratory department, but also at the bedside of patients to meet the bedside detection needs of clinical departments such as hospital ICU, emergency, anesthesia, respiratory, neurology, etc. It realizes true POCT blood gas analysis and provides more advantageous assistance for clinical practice. Diagnostic Services.

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