Artificial breeding techniques

First, feeding sites and facilities. Xixiju Mountain rock slopes, cave cracks, under eaves, or tree holes are natural habitats for the species. Therefore, the breeding site should be chosen in a shaded area with good ventilation, cool in winter and comfortable in summer, and easy to attract insects. A clean and dry environment is essential to prevent disease and ensure healthy development. Second, feeding and management. These creatures are nocturnal, becoming active after sunset. During winter, they enter dormancy, while in summer they are more active. When the temperature reaches 15°C, they start moving, and when it goes above 17°C, they begin hunting. Their activity peaks between 22°C and 30°C. In hot summer days, if the temperature exceeds 32°C, water should be sprayed to lower the temperature. The habitat should remain humid, with relative humidity maintained between 60% and 80%. As carnivores, they primarily feed on live insects and avoid dead food. It's important to provide fresh and nutritious prey regularly to maintain their health. Third, reproduction. The breeding season typically runs from March to August. Male and female individuals have distinct physical features: females are plump, slightly yellow, and have a rounded body, while males are slimmer and more active. The ideal male-to-female ratio is around 20 to 30:1. Too many males can lead to aggression and fighting, which may result in tail biting, reducing the medicinal value of the animals. Females are kept in separate cages with a paper grid, and thin paper is placed on the grid so that eggs can be easily collected by tearing the paper. A cloth shade is placed outside the cage to create a quiet and safe environment for egg-laying. During the first half of the laying period, more insects should be provided. When using artificial compound feed, adding sugar, fishmeal, and eggs can enhance nutrition. After laying a pair of eggs, the pair can mate again, and another set of eggs can be laid every 50 days. Eggs do not require both male and female incubation. Under conditions of 70% to 80% humidity and temperatures between 30°C and 32°C, hatching takes about 70 to 80 days. Newly hatched individuals should be kept separate from adults to prevent predation. Within six days, they can be given small amounts of sugar water, and after that, they can gradually transition to small insects. Once they reach about 10 cm in length, they can be moved to the breeding room. Early hatching, controlled by proper temperature, allows for an extended growth period and better survival through the winter. With careful rearing for about 18 months, they can grow to around 30 cm in length and are then ready for processing and drying. Fourth, disease prevention. When pesticides are used in surrounding areas, black lights should be turned off to prevent the animals from consuming poisoned insects. Common diseases include angular cheilitis and stomatitis, which can lead to loss of appetite and even death. If such symptoms are observed, the affected individuals should be isolated immediately. The affected area can be treated with a 0.5% potassium furanide solution, and vitamin B1 and C can be administered three times daily at 2.5 mg each dose. Regular monitoring and prompt treatment are crucial to maintaining the health of the population.

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