Field Management of "Five Essentials" in Flue-cured Tobacco
1. Top the plant at the right time. The timing for topping depends on soil conditions and the growth stage of the tobacco plants. When the top leaves open up, it's time to create a flat top. Usually, between 16 to 20 effective leaves are left, and the process should be completed within one week after topping.
2. Remove early flowers promptly. About 40 days after transplanting, buds may develop into early flowers. Early flowering can lower both yield and quality. As soon as you notice early flowers, take action. If the situation is severe, cut off the main stem and leave 2-3 leaves. Once axillary buds start growing, choose the strongest one and remove the others. If the flowers are mild, consider topping or cutting the main stem and setting it aside.
3. Manage fertilization carefully. Tobacco should not receive excessive nitrogen, especially in the middle and late growth stages. Instead, apply foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Water according to weather conditions to ensure proper moisture without overwatering.
4. Control pests and diseases effectively. Common issues include climate spot disease, brown spot disease, mosaic virus, and locusts. For climate spots, spray mancozeb or zinc at a dilution of 500–600 times as soon as they appear. For disease prevention, mix 50% tetromycin or carbendazim with a new high-fat membrane and spray 2–3 times every 10–15 days starting from the early stage.
5. Harvest at the right time. Correctly identifying maturity is key. Lower leaves turn from green to yellow-green, their surface becomes dull, the main veins turn white, and the leaf tips droop. Middle leaves shift from green to yellow, with yellow patches rising on the surface and the main vein turning white, while the angle between the leaf and stem increases. Upper leaves change from green to white, with white patches visible, the main vein turns white, and the entire leaf sags. (Source: China Plant Protection Network – Wei Linfei)
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