Sweet pea back-season cultivation techniques

In recent years, sweet peas have become a highly profitable crop in early autumn in Guangzhou. The reason for planting them during this season is that the seedlings face a hot and humid climate, which can lead to severe pest and disease problems if not properly managed. This often results in high mortality rates if care is not taken. Therefore, successfully maintaining healthy seedlings during the early growth stage has become a crucial factor in the successful cultivation of sweet peas. Below are some key technical practices: 1. **Timely Sowing**: The sowing date should be adjusted based on local latitude and altitude. In northern Guangdong, it's best to sow between July and August, while in central regions, October is ideal. For areas above 500 meters in elevation, late July is recommended. 2. **Fertilization**: Apply full-layer basal fertilizer before plowing. After turning the soil, spread the fertilizer evenly across the field and lightly cover it with soil. 3. **Seeding**: Sweet peas thrive in sandy loam soil. Plant them in shallow furrows, and after sowing, cover the seeds with about two centimeters of soil. 4. **Water and Fertilizer Management**: Seedlings require strict moisture control. During the early stage, irrigation should be avoided, and watering should only be used to maintain a consistently moist environment. 5. **Top Dressing**: Apply top dressing in small amounts. The first application should be 3-4 days after seedlings emerge, using 2-3 kg of urea per acre. A second application should follow 6-7 days later, with 4-6 kg of fertilizer per acre. 6. **Weeding**: Weeding should be done after the peak of the hot season to avoid damaging the young plants. 7. **Pest and Disease Control**: (1) Sweet pea fly larvae cause serious damage during the seedling stage. Prevention is key. When planting, apply 1.5 kg of pesticide per ditch. Spray every 3–4 days for the first month after emergence. Use a mixture of dimethoate and trichlorfon for the first three sprays, or alternatives like "Killing Ding" or "Xing Bao Po." On the fourth spray, use trichlorfon or double insecticide for effective control. (2) Root rot, caused by fungi, is also a major threat. To prevent and treat it, apply fungicides every seven days. Options include 500 times dilution of "Enemy," 800 times of carbendazim, 1,000 times of anti-dry fungus, 1,000 times of "Sterilization King," and 3,000 times of "Green Enjoyment Number." Additionally, "Stable to Grow" at 600 times can be used for better results. By following these techniques, farmers can significantly improve the survival rate and yield of their sweet pea crops, making this seasonal crop even more economically viable in Guangzhou.

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