Sweet pea back-season cultivation techniques

In recent years, sweet peas have become a highly profitable crop in the early autumn season in Guangzhou. This is mainly due to their high market demand and favorable growing conditions during this period. However, planting sweet peas in early autumn comes with challenges. The seedlings are exposed to high temperatures and humidity, which can lead to severe pest infestations and diseases if not properly managed. As a result, successfully maintaining healthy seedlings during the early growth stage has become one of the most critical factors for the successful cultivation of sweet peas. Below are some key technical practices to ensure good results: 1. **Timely Sowing**: The sowing time should be adjusted based on local latitude and altitude. In northern Guangdong, it's best to sow between July and August. In central regions, the ideal time is around October. For areas above 500 meters in elevation, sowing should be done in late July. 2. **Fertilization**: Apply full basal fertilizer before planting. After plowing the land, spread the fertilizer evenly across the field and lightly cover it after application. 3. **Seeding**: Sweet peas thrive in sandy loam soil. Prepare shallow furrows in the middle of the beds and cover the seeds with about 2 cm of soil after sowing. 4. **Water and Fertilizer Management**: Seedlings require careful moisture control. During the early growth stage, irrigation should be limited, and watering is mainly used to maintain soil moisture. 5. **Top Dressing**: Apply top dressing in small amounts. The first application should be 3-4 days after seedlings emerge, using 2-3 kg of urea per acre. A second application should follow 6-7 days later, using 4-6 kg of fertilizer per acre. 6. **Weeding**: Weeding should be done after the peak of the hot season to avoid damaging the young plants. 7. **Pest and Disease Control**: (1) Sweet pea fly larvae can cause significant damage to seedlings. Prevention is key. When planting, apply 1.5 kg of pesticide per ditch. Spray every 3–4 days for the first month after emergence. Use a mixture of dimethoate and trichlorfon for the first three sprays, followed by separate applications of trichlorfon or insecticides like "Killing Ding" or "Xing Bao Po." (2) Root rot, caused by fungi, is another major threat. To prevent and treat it, apply fungicides every 7 days. Recommended options include 500 times diluted "Enemy," 800 times diluted carbendazim, 1000 times diluted anti-dry fungus, 1000 times diluted "Sterilization King," and 3000 times diluted "Green Enjoyment No. 1." Additionally, applying 600 times diluted "Stable" can help strengthen plant resistance.

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