Sea cucumber cage ecological breeding is better than indoor

Over the past few years, there’s been a noticeable rise in sea cucumber farming along coastal regions. This expansion includes establishing new cultivation zones and converting former salt pans and shrimp farms into sea cucumber aquaculture facilities. The demand for large numbers of sea cucumber larvae has primarily been met through purchases from hatcheries. However, in these hatcheries, the majority of the farmed sea cucumber larvae have undergone wintering processes, which are costly and involve high-density rearing that often leads to health issues. In recent times, there have been instances where winter sea cucumber larvae have died en masse or even caused entire batches to perish, leading to significant financial losses. Ecological sea cucumber seedlings, housed in sea cages in natural marine environments, serve as an alternative to traditional hatchery-raised larvae. These cages provide conditions for breeding and overwintering sea cucumbers, effectively addressing the wintering challenges faced in hatcheries. This method not only cuts costs but also produces hardier larvae with higher survival rates and traits closer to wild counterparts, making them highly favored by farmers. In recent years, I’ve been involved in experiments concerning ecological breeding, overwintering, and cultivation of sea cucumbers, achieving positive outcomes. My experiences have allowed me to compile some operational guidelines for reference purposes. The ideal nursery bay should have clear water with a steady flow, abundant food sources, and be subject to natural influences such as wind and tidal currents without pollution. The minimum depth of seawater at low tide should be at least 5 meters above sea level. Net cage production cages come in various sizes, though a common configuration is 5 meters by 4 meters. Cages shouldn’t be overly deep, typically around 3 meters deep. Materials include wood, floats, polyethylene nets, screen meshes (ranging from 200 mesh to 40 mesh), polyethylene ropes, sandbags, and mobile boardroom supplies. Production involves securing a 5m x 4m cage with wooden planks, 20cm wide and 4cm thick, around the horizontal plane. Around the bottom of this wooden frame, eight to ten floats, each with a diameter of 30cm and a height of 80cm, are fixed to keep the cage buoyant. Multiple cages are linked together to form a square pattern row, assembled entirely on land. Once completed, the row is towed to a pre-selected sea area during high tide using a boat. Cables are used to anchor the row along the seabed's sidelines, and smaller mesh nets are placed over the square edges of the row (the wooden frame). Sandbags are strategically placed around the net to ensure full deployment underwater. Two smaller sections within the cage are reserved for benches and a worker’s living quarters. Different mesh sizes cater to various stages of development: 200 mesh for egg production and larval rearing, 60 mesh for post-larvae attachment, 40 mesh for growing seedlings when they reach 0.3cm in length, and a 0.3cm diameter polyethylene mesh for larger seedlings over 2cm. Spawning nets are prepared with 40-mesh sieves measuring 2m x 1m x 1.2m. Sea cucumbers are placed inside these nets and hung within spawning cages. When spawning occurs, the eggs and sperm diffuse naturally within a 200-mesh cage, facilitating reproduction in cages. The optimal seeding time is when bay water temperatures reach 18°C or higher, typically from late May to late June. Sea cucumbers can be sourced either from hatcheries or collected naturally, with the latter being ideal when bay water temperatures align closely with spawning conditions. Natural sea cucumbers with developed gonads are best for spawning, occurring shortly after their introduction to the pond. If water temperatures rise slowly, a mix of hatchery and wild specimens can be used. Seed density is crucial, with specifications ranging from 3 to 6 heads per kilogram, requiring about 0.5 heads per cubic meter of water. Transportation uses plastic buckets with 80% seawater, holding 30 to 40 heads per 100-liter container, covered with thick cloth to maintain temperature. After seeding, daily monitoring ensures proper gonadal development. Cultured sea cucumbers develop faster in warmer, shallower waters, potentially spawning within a couple of days. In cooler conditions, supplemental feeding promotes development. Larval stripping occurs when larvae reach a certain stage, with densities maintained at 200,000 to 300,000 heads per cubic meter. Natural food is sufficient initially, but attachment bases are introduced when larvae begin forming spheroids. Bases are added at intervals based on weather conditions. Cage replacements occur as larvae grow, starting with 200-mesh sieves and transitioning to 60-mesh, 40-mesh, and finally 0.3cm polyethylene nets. Careful removal of remaining larvae ensures no waste. Overwintering requires careful monitoring, with densities adjusted post-seedling sales. Safety measures include regular checks and preventive actions against extreme weather events. These practices aim to optimize ecological breeding while ensuring sustainable and efficient production.

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