High-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of seedless watermelon

First, artificial shelling plays a crucial role in improving the germination rate of seedless watermelon seeds. The natural seed coat is often thick and hard, resulting in a germination rate of only 30-40%. By using manual shelling techniques, the germination rate can be boosted to over 95%. To do this, place the seed's mouth near the seam of the nail clipper and gently press the handle to split about one-third of the seed's length. The ideal sowing period for seedless watermelons is from late March to early April. When preparing nutrient soil for seedlings, there are five key steps to follow. First, prepare the soil by mixing 5 parts field soil, 3 parts pig or cow manure, and 2 parts composted manure. Ensure the manure is fully decomposed, and add 3 kg of compound fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer per cubic meter of soil. The moisture content should be around 60%, which means the soil can form a ball in your hand but crumbles when dropped. Next, treat the seeds. Choose high-quality triploid seeds that show signs of immature embryos, deeper cork-like longitudinal cracks, and bead-like protrusions. Soak them in water for 2–3 hours and then stir gently. Then, proceed with sowing: after watering the nutrient soil, plant one seed per pot and cover it with 2 cm of loose fine soil. Make sure the planting is clear and even. Fourth, assist in removing the seed shells manually once the seedlings emerge. If the shell is too dry, mist it lightly before carefully peeling it off. Lastly, strictly control the humidity in the seedbed to ensure optimal growth conditions. Second, applying the right base fertilizer and top dressing is essential. The base fertilizer should include 1500 kg of farmyard manure, 100 kg of cake fertilizer, and 75 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. Increase potassium fertilizer while reducing phosphate to avoid issues like sunscald and pest infestations. Avoid fertilizing during vine extension to maintain steady plant growth. When the fruits start forming, apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per acre combined with irrigation. Third, use sorghum film to improve irrigation and drainage. Seedless watermelons are sensitive to drought and need proper water management. Use deep furrows and three-ditch systems, ensuring the field drains well. Also, promote the use of plastic mulch to improve soil temperature and moisture retention. When transplanting, aim for a density of about 680 plants per mu. Choose cloudy days for transplanting, sort the seedlings before planting, and ensure they receive enough water. A good practice is to dip the seedlings in a 0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution before planting to boost their growth. Fourth, timely pruning and hormone application are important. Without proper pruning, vines may grow excessively, leading to delayed fruiting or no fruit at all. Using double-vine pruning helps ensure one plant produces one melon, increasing overall yield. Spraying 10 ml of midazolam in 30 kg of water twice during the flowering stage can help prevent leggy growth and improve fruit set. Fifth, artificial pollination and bagging are vital for high yields. In the morning (between 6–9 AM), collect freshly opened male flowers, remove the petals, and gently brush the stamens against the stigma of female flowers. On rainy days, cover the female flowers with cabbage or lotus leaves, or use sodium sulfate paper to increase pollination success. Sixth, controlling the position of the fruit and using micro-fertilizers can enhance sweetness and quality. Select the third female flower on the main vine as the fruit-bearing point. Applying foliar sprays like Plantex 18 or rare earth elements during the seedling stage improves both yield and fruit quality. These treatments have been shown to increase production by an average of 20%, with higher sugar content and better skin texture. Seventh, laying grass under the melons helps reduce pests and diseases, promotes uniform fruit color, and increases marketability. This technique also suppresses weeds and protects the developing fruits. Finally, seedless watermelons should be harvested only when fully mature, typically 33–35 days after flowering. Maturity should be judged by the yellowing of leaves, the shine of the rind, and the clarity of the stripes, not just by tapping the fruit. To prevent pests and diseases, adopt integrated measures. Common diseases include damping-off and wilt disease, while pests like aphids and spider mites are also problematic. Strengthen seedbed and field management to improve plant resistance. Use chemical controls such as copper-based sprays to prevent damping-off, and apply root drenches to manage wilt. For pest control, use insecticides like chlorpyrifos to target aphids and other harmful insects.

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