Earthworm breeding methods (2)

Cockroaches are an excellent source of protein, with dry body content reaching up to 70%. They also play a crucial role in processing organic waste and livestock manure, transforming them into high-quality organic fertilizer that enhances the ecological environment. Another valuable resource is Poria, which serves as one of the best industrial raw materials. It can extract various enzymes and active substances from Chinese wolfberry, making it useful in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and environmental protection industries. Outside the skeleton, the internal structure follows the body section, and there are no bones. The exterior is covered with a thin, pigmented chitin layer, while bristles are present on the body segments. The beak is typically slender and cylindrical, with a slightly pointed head and tail. Its size varies depending on the species. Aquatic carcass walls are usually pigment-free. The body wall is opaque, often pale white or gray, or pink and reddish due to hemoglobin in the capillaries. For example, members of the Corniidae family have green or oily granular substances in their epidermis, leading to different body colors. Breeding and Management: Species suitable for rearing include E. aureus, E. militaris, and E. sinensis. Among these, A. euphorbia is particularly good as bait for Chinese Rana sylvatica. "Daping No. 2" and "North Star No. 2," introduced from Japan in the late 1970s, have shown significant improvements in weight and reproduction under domesticated conditions. These breeds are easy to raise but require purification and rejuvenation during breeding. They can be directly introduced as adults, and uncultured quail culture medium can be transported to new farms. Feed preparation is vital for increasing yield and productivity. Food affects not only quantity but also quality, directly influencing reproduction. For instance, using cow dung and sheep dung results in several times more cockroaches than feeding on roughage and wheat straw. Cockroaches primarily feed on decomposed organic matter, provided it's non-toxic, has a pH between 6-7, low salinity, and rich in nutrients. Livestock manure, agricultural by-products, distiller’s grains, sugar residue, sawdust, household waste, animal organs, weeds, fallen leaves, and waste from edible fungi cultivation are all favorable feeds. Although they eat spoiled organic matter, they have preferences. Alfalfa mainly consumes calcium- and protein-rich materials like litter, while many wolfberries are sensitive to sweet, sour, and savory flavors. Adding rotten fruits, vegetables, poultry organs, and water from washing these can boost appetite. Nutritional balance in feed is essential for rapid growth and reproduction. A mix of feces (human, pig, sheep, rabbit, cattle, horse, chicken), vegetable waste, sludge, straw, sawdust, garbage, and leaves, after composting, works well. Proper fermentation and cooking of feed are critical to ensure it's soft, nutritious, and palatable. Unfermented feed may cause refusal, overheating, and harmful gas release, leading to high mortality. Feed preparation involves basic and added feeds. Basic feed is essential for long-term use, while added feed is used to supplement. Both must be processed before composting—cutting plant materials into 1 cm pieces, chopping vegetables, and screening out inorganic waste. Stacking fermented feeds requires proper ventilation, moisture (60-80%), nutrition, temperature (15-37°C), and pH control. Stacking methods vary based on weather and area, with specific layers and watering techniques to ensure optimal decomposition. Feed nutrient composition is crucial for maximizing benefits. Different feeds affect growth and reproduction differently, so a balanced mix is necessary for high-quality yields. Young quail hatchlings need special care—soft, nutritious feed, fresh air, and controlled temperatures (20-35°C). Protection from natural enemies like ants and rats is essential. Incubation of cockroaches involves collecting manure and leftover feed in boxes or baskets. Temperature affects hatching rates, with 20°C being ideal. After hatching, young ones should be moved to 25-33°C environments with adequate nutrition. Escape prevention and enemy control are important. Overcrowding, poor conditions, and lack of food can lead to escape. Natural enemies like birds, snakes, frogs, and rats pose threats. Disease prevention includes managing parasites such as nematodes and other microorganisms that may harm cockroaches. Wintering is crucial for alfalfa development. Transferring quails to sheds maintains temperature and humidity, allowing them to grow and reproduce in winter. Harvesting involves placing favorite feed in cages and burying them. At 20°C, cockroaches fill the cage in 7 days. Separation can be done using light or flooding. Farming facilities include pots, boxes, and baskets. Pots are suitable for small-scale farming, while boxes and baskets allow for better management and drainage. Three-dimensional breeding beds increase efficiency, especially for larger operations. Pool ditch and shed cultivation methods offer flexibility. Sheds provide controlled environments, while farmland methods improve soil quality at lower costs. Combining indoor and outdoor farming optimizes resources and production. Composting and trench methods are effective for large-scale outdoor farming. Trenches filled with organic material support quick yield increases. Overall, successful cockroach farming requires careful attention to feed, environment, and management, ensuring both quality and sustainability.

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