Clubroot disease is a serious bacterial infection that spreads quickly among cruciferous crops. The primary transmission routes include infected seeds, water, and plant residues left in the field. After years of experience, farmers have developed several effective strategies to manage and prevent this disease. These methods mainly fall into two categories: agricultural control and chemical control.
Agricultural Control Measures:
1. Crop Rotation: Implement a scientific crop rotation system, carefully planning the planting sequence of crops like tobacco, tomatoes, and eggplants to avoid continuous cultivation of cruciferous plants in the same area.
2. Soil Preparation: Before planting, expose the soil to sunlight for a period of time to kill pathogens. Also, remove all diseased plant residues from the field to prevent the spread of the disease.
3. Fertilization Practices: Apply large amounts of farmyard manure at a rate of 1500–2000 kg per mu. Reduce the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers and increase the application of phosphate and potash fertilizers to improve plant resistance.
4. Soil pH Adjustment: Apply 40–45 kg of quicklime per acre before plowing. Mix it thoroughly into the soil to raise the pH level, which can help reduce the occurrence of clubroot disease.
5. Resistant Varieties: Choose resistant cultivars such as 'Cabbage 83-1', 'Small Hybrid 55', and 'High Resistance Wang AC-1' to naturally lower the risk of infection.
Chemical Control Methods:
1. Soil Disinfection: Before sowing, apply "Shepherd Card" konjac fertilizer (5 ml per 20 kg of water) or 75% chlorothalonil diluted at 1500 times. Pour 0.1–0.2 kg per hole to disinfect the soil and reduce the chances of infection.
2. Seedbed Disinfection: Ten days before sowing, mix 5 kg of glutinous soil fertilizer with 20 kg of water and irrigate each square meter. Cover with plastic film for 4–5 days, then ventilate after opening the film. After one week, you can proceed with sowing seedlings.
3. Foliar Spraying: During the summer and autumn seasons, when cruciferous crops are being grown, use a 1500-fold dilution of 75% chlorothalonil to drench the roots. Alternatively, mix 5 ml of "Cowboy Brand" mulberry manure with 20 kg of water and apply 0.1–0.2 kg per plant. This method has been shown to achieve an effectiveness rate of over 95%.
By combining these agricultural and chemical approaches, farmers can significantly reduce the impact of clubroot disease on their cruciferous crops. It's important to implement these measures consistently and monitor the field regularly for early signs of infection.
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