Greenhouse peach tree nursery

Over the years, practical experience in fruit tree cultivation has shown that peach, apricot, and pear trees typically take 3, 4, and 5 years respectively from planting to produce fruit. However, greenhouse-grown peach trees have broken this traditional timeline. These trees can bear fruit in the very next year after being planted, resulting in higher yields and better economic returns. To achieve this, it's crucial to start early in spring by planting seedlings as soon as possible and extending their growing period. This allows the trees to develop a strong, well-shaped crown by summer and autumn, which is essential for high yields the following season. In early spring, many greenhouses still have crops like cucumbers or tomatoes that haven’t been harvested yet, making it difficult to handle seedlings. Therefore, small arch shelters are often used to protect and manage young plants during this critical time. In the eastern part of Yunnan Province, nursery activities usually begin in late February or early March and last about 70 days. By mid-May, the seedlings can reach a height of 60 to 70 cm, making them ready for transplanting into greenhouses. This is the standard nursery schedule. However, there are exceptions. For example, in 1999, in Zhongzhuang Wangzhuang Township, Laoting County, the nursery was started on April 17th. Through careful management, the seedlings were ready for transplanting in early June, and the following year, they produced a higher yield than expected. **First, Prepare Seedlings** 1. **Build a Nursery Bed:** Choose a sunny, sheltered location with good irrigation facilities. Dig rectangular pits 30 cm deep and 250 cm wide, running north to south. The length depends on the number of seedlings you plan to grow. 2. **Prepare Nutrient Soil:** Use fully composted organic fertilizer, avoiding any soil that was previously used for peach trees. Mix 3 kg of compound fertilizer per cubic meter of nutrient soil. Stir thoroughly to ensure even distribution. 3. **Select and Prepare Seedlings:** Use semi-finished seedlings that had buds grafted in late summer or early autumn of the previous year. Cut the sprouts 1.5 to 2.0 cm above the graft, and trim the rootstock. If the trunk is too thick, use a hacksaw to cut it. The main root should be 20 cm long, and lateral roots should be at least 8 cm in length, regardless of thickness. Trim any excessively long parts. All lateral root cuts should be shaped like a horseshoe, ensuring the cut surface is parallel to the ground. This helps the roots fit into the nutrient bag and promotes better root development. Remove all peach buds from the rootstock using a knife. After trimming, soak the seedlings in clean water for 12 to 24 hours to ensure they absorb enough moisture. **Second, Main Nursery Procedures** 1. **Rooting Agent Treatment:** Soak the roots of the seedlings in a solution made by dissolving one bag (5g) of rooting agent in an appropriate amount of alcohol and then adding 5 kg of water. Alternatively, mix 5g of Guonaonide with 4 kg of water and soak 100 seedlings for 5 minutes. Then place them into the nutrient bags. 2. **Nutrient Bags:** Use plastic bags that are 30 cm tall, 20 cm in diameter, and 0.008 cm thick. One person holds the top of the bag while another fills it with nutrient soil. Fill the bag with 1/3 of its height, insert the seedling, and fill the rest of the bag with soil, making sure it’s compacted properly. Drill more than a dozen small holes at the bottom of each bag to allow for drainage. After filling 100 bags, pour 15 kg of the original root solution and add 150 grams of solution to each bag. Place the bags in the nursery bed, arranging 25 per meter, leaving 20 cm between rows for walking space. 3. **Water and Cover:** After watering the nursery bed, spread a 2 cm layer of nutrient soil over the bags. Once the water has soaked in, construct a small arch shelter. Compact the soil around the base of the shelter and cover it with a plastic sheet. At night, cover the seedlings with a thin layer of mulch to protect them from cold. 4. **Temperature and Pest Control:** During the day, maintain air temperatures between 25°C and 28°C, not exceeding 30°C. At night, keep the temperature between 5°C and 8°C, never below 0°C. Monitor the temperature closely and adjust the covering accordingly. Remove any new hairy peach buds and control pests such as aphids and leafhoppers promptly. From mid-May to mid-June, when the seedlings reach 60 to 70 cm in height, they can be transplanted into the greenhouse for final growth.

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