Gu Yu solar terms, how to manage vegetables in protected areas
1, open field crops of warm temperature colonization
Cucumbers, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, wax gourds, squash, and other warm-growing fruits and vegetables grown in the open field are gradually transplanted into the field, and the “cold tail warmer†is selected for the sunny planting. The climate index at the time of planting is the minimum temperature for 5 consecutive days. Stable above 10 °C, 10 cm ground temperature stable above 13 °C. The general plain area is from late April to early May; the high altitude mountains are in the middle and early May. Apply organic manure as base fertilizer, and apply more than 4,000 kilograms of fine and fine organic fertilizer per acre. Two-thirds of it is laid in front of cultivated land, and one third of it is applied to the surface when it is used for earthworms. The fine soil preparation should be done with leveling, leveling, ridge straightening, and no rubbing; the seedlings should be cultivated at low temperature for 5-7 days before planting; the density should be suitable and the depth should be the same when planting. Tomatoes and eggplants must be planted in depth, covering more than 2-3 cm above seedlings; cucumbers, pumpkins, wax gourds and other melons must be planted in shallow depths, and soil and seedlings should be equal. Plant water immediately after planting.
2. Greenhouse vegetables are the critical period for yield formation
The cucumbers in greenhouses must be harvested in time for the fruiting period; tomatoes, eggplants, sweet peppers and other crops are in the fruiting period and are the key period for yield formation.
Adjust the suitable growth environment: Ventilate and ventilate the air outlet in time according to the external climate change. On sunny days, the suitable temperature is 23°C-30°C, and on cloudy days, 3°C-5°C, suitable temperature is 20°C-23°C, and the suitable temperature is 15°C-20°C at night; different indoor air can be adjusted according to different crops Humidity, tomato, eggplant and other crops are kept at 40%-50%; sweet peppers and cucumbers and other melon crops are kept at 60%-80%. Increase your daylight hours as much as possible.
Plant finishing: timely lifting vines, around vines, loquat, pruning and smashing, remove the lower yellow leaves, old leaves. Tomato in the first ear fruit grows to the green ripening period (when whitening no longer grow up) the lower leaves will be destroyed, the dark green leaves of the lower part of the cucumber should be promptly knocked out, otherwise it will be easy to infect the downy mildew due to poor ventilation. After leaving the old leaf yellow leaves, tomato and cucumber plants should retain about 16 functional leaves per plant.
Fruit Management: Tomatoes and eggplants should adopt natural pollination methods to maintain their flavor and quality. They can be pollinated with oscillatory pollination aids, and can also be used to assist 1-2 boxes of bumblebees per acre to assist in pollination; growth regulators used to decorate or spray flowers. The concentration should be formulated according to room temperature. If the concentration is too high, it is easy to produce abnormal fruit. The tomato should be sprayed with oscillating pollinators or regulators when it is open to 3-4 flowers per ear. If the flowers are sprayed at the time of opening 1-2 flowers, the fruit of the ear will only bind 1-2 and affect the yield. Remove excess flowers and fruits as soon as possible. Cucumber does not need to artificially pollinate to be able to produce the melon normally, is forbidden to use "Shun Zhiling" and other hormones to decorate and promote the expansion of the young melon.
Scientific top dressing and watering: Top-dressing according to weather conditions, plant growth and soil conditions, top-dressing should be promoted with the integration of water and fertilizer technology with drip irrigation. When the tomato grows to 3 cm in size per panicle, topdressing N, P and K The high potassium fast-dissolving fertilizer with the content of 16:8:34 is 5-8 kg/mu; it can also be applied with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, or a comprehensive alginate or humic acid organic liquid fertilizer; The amount of water per acre 8-10 square. Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide inside has the effect of increasing production and improving quality. Usage and dosage is to suspend 20 bags of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer per acre.
Timely harvesting: The fruit is ripe and harvested in time. Every morning harvest can increase the nutrient content, taste, and flavor of the fruit; cucumbers, sweet peppers, and eggplants are cut with scissors to prevent the plants from being cut when picked by hand. It is easy to infect diseases. Take care when picking, avoid forming fruit damage and reduce product quality. Harvested according to fruit size after harvest.
3, greenhouses do a good job in two periods of management
Cucumber in early spring has been harvested and marketed successively. Tomatoes, eggplants, sweet peppers and other crops have entered the fruiting period. In order to adjust the temperature and indoor air humidity in time, the management of the flowering period and fruit enlargement period must be performed.
Flowering management: Cucumbers, tomatoes, and other creeping crops can be hauled in and around the vine to fix the plants. It is best to use silver-gray plastic ropes to hang vines, which has a tendency to evade locusts. Don't smash the tomato prematurely until the branch of the first spike grows to 8 cm in length so as not to affect the growth of the root; the fruit-type cucumber sparse the young leaves and buds below the fifth leaf, starting from the sixth The leaves begin to melon. Tomatoes and eggplants are preferably pollinated by pollinators or pollinator-assisted pollination to promote fruit setting. Spraying or flowering can also be used to promote fruit setting. However, it is necessary to grasp the timing of operation to avoid malformation and fruit set and fruits. Irregular growth.
Fruit enlargement management: After the fruit in the base begins to inflate, it is topped with water and fertilizer. The fruit of the first ear of the tomato grows to the size of the walnut (about 3 cm in diameter), and the period of eggplant blooming (3-4 cm in fruit diameter) is appropriate. When watering, it should be selected in the sunny morning to dissolve fertilizer according to the drip irrigation rate. According to the law of fertilizer requirements of different crops, fertilizers with different proportions should be used. Tomato should be topdressed with high potassium fast-dissolving fertilizer with NPK content of 16:8:34. 5-8 kilograms per acre; NPK can also be applied with a comprehensive algae acid or humic organic liquid fertilizer. Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide inside has the effect of increasing production and improving quality. Usage and dosage is to suspend 20 bags of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer per acre.
4, sowing and planting
Gu Yu solar terms can still continue to plant leeks and sowing or planting rapeseed, cabbage, radish, fennel, celery and other fast-growing vegetables, to do a good job of fine soil preparation, sowing uniform, covering the soil, suitable for public opinion and other links.
5, strengthen the management of open vegetables
The cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce and lettuce crops that were planted in early spring entered the rosette stage one after another. At this time, the growers were required to manage the cultivating loose soil, top dressing, watering, etc., as well as the management of the onion seedlings such as top dressing and watering. The spinach planted before winter and the fast-growing vegetables planted and planted some time ago were used for watering and cultivating. The overwintering spinach was harvested from late April to early May and was to be harvested and marketed in the best commercial period.
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