Forsythia
Downy mildew is a serious grape disease that primarily affects the leaves, often leading to significant leaf drop. In addition to leaves, it can also infect young shoots, flower clusters, and developing fruit. The infection causes stunted growth and deformed plant parts. When the disease becomes severe, the tips of infected shoots may die, and entire clusters can fall off. This not only reduces the current year's yield but also weakens the vines, making them more susceptible to frost damage. As a result, the following year's production is also negatively impacted.
To identify effective treatments for controlling grape downy mildew, researchers from the Division of Plant Protection at Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province conducted field trials. They tested Baitai (60% pyraclostrobin water dispersible granules) along with five other fungicides. The trial was carried out in vineyards heavily affected by the disease, with each treatment applied every 10 days for a total of three applications.
The test involved five different fungicides: Baitai diluted at 1500 times, Product-run (70% dextrose dry suspension) at 700 times, Kairun (25% pyrazophos emulsifiable concentrate) at 3000 times, Kelu (72% copper oxychloride wettable powder) at 700 times, and Ethoxyphosphoric Aluminum (80%) at 500 times. A control group was treated with plain water.
According to the results, the disease spread rapidly in the untreated plots, with increasing leaf infection rates and visible mold on the underside of the leaves. Leaves became scorched and fell off. In contrast, the treated plots showed much better disease control. Seven days after the second application, Kairun demonstrated the highest efficacy, reaching 93.83%, which was significantly higher than the other treatments. After the third application, all treatments had an efficacy above 81.26%. Notably, Baitai achieved 98.15% and 97.38% control effectiveness, far surpassing Kelu and Ethoxyphosphoric Aluminum.
The findings indicate that both Baitai and Kairun are highly effective against grape downy mildew. Although Kelu and Ethoxyphosphoric Aluminum showed lower efficacy—still above 88%—they can still be considered as viable options. However, Jinrun only achieved 81.26% control, making it unsuitable as a primary treatment but potentially useful as a preventive measure before the disease appears.
In practical vineyard management, it’s crucial to intervene early, either before or during the initial stages of the disease. Follow-up treatments should be applied every 10 days based on weather conditions and disease progression. Typically, two to three applications are recommended. To prevent the development of resistance, it’s advisable to rotate between different fungicides rather than relying on a single one. This approach ensures long-term effectiveness and sustainable disease management.
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