Controlling grape downy mildew for pesticides
Downy mildew is a serious grapevine disease that primarily affects the leaves, often leading to significant leaf loss. The disease can also spread to young shoots, flower clusters, and developing fruit, causing stunted growth and deformed plant structures. In severe cases, the affected parts may die, and entire grape clusters may fall off. This not only reduces the current year's yield but also weakens the vines, making them more susceptible to winter damage. As a result, the following year's production can also be negatively impacted.
To identify effective treatments for controlling grape downy mildew, researchers from the Division of Plant Protection at Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province, including Shu Ding, conducted field trials using several fungicides. These included Baitai (60% pyraclostrobin water dispersible granules) along with four other products: Product-run (70% dextrose dry suspension), Kairun (25% pyrazophos emulsifiable concentrate), Kelu (72% copper oxychloride wettable powder), and 80% ethephon aluminum wettable powder.
The trial was carried out in vineyards heavily infested with downy mildew. Each treatment was applied once every 10 days, with a total of three applications. The control group received only water. After the second application, Kairun showed the best performance, achieving a control rate of 93.83%, which was significantly higher than the other treatments. By the time of the third treatment, all tested fungicides had an efficacy above 81.26%. Notably, Baitai demonstrated excellent results, with control rates of 98.15% and 97.38% respectively, far surpassing Kelu and ethephon aluminum.
The results indicated that both Baitai and Kairun were highly effective against grape downy mildew. While Kelu and ethephon aluminum had lower control rates, they still achieved over 88%, making them viable options as well. However, Jinrun (Product-run) only reached 81.26%, which is relatively low. It is not recommended as a primary treatment but could serve as a protective measure before the disease appears.
In practical vineyard management, it is crucial to apply fungicides early, either before or during the initial stages of infection. A follow-up application should be made approximately every 10 days, depending on weather conditions and disease progression. Typically, two to three applications are needed for optimal control. To prevent the development of resistance, it is advisable to rotate between different fungicides rather than relying on a single one.
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