Lazy honeysuckle planting production technology
l. Honeysuckle Development and Construction Technology
1, lazy gold and silver garden choice
Honeysuckle originated from warm-temperate forests. During its long-term phylogeny, it has developed characteristics such as warm, moist, drought-tolerant and shade-tolerant. It has wide adaptability and strict requirements on environmental conditions. However, from the viewpoint of high quality and high production, we should choose the most suitable environment to build a garden. The mountains in the southwestern region are typical of the mountain climate. Through long-term observation, it is believed that the elevation range of 300-1,350 m is the best planting area for honeysuckle. It grows too fast below the lower limit, is long between the festivals, and is slower than the upper limit for growth. The growth is small. The soil should be selected for its deep, fertile and well-drained soil for high quality and high yield. The topography and terrain are the best for leeward sunny slopes and flat lands. The “four-sided†and inter-forest lands are also suitable for planting. The windy valleys and low-lying lands are not suitable for planting. Sand and dirt roads are two cases of dust pollution, industrial pollution and pathogen contamination. (Near the infectious disease hospital, for example) is not suitable for planting.
2 Land Preparation Technology
The land reclamation of gold and silver gardens differs depending on the current land conditions and production goals. The cultivated land does not need to be planted, and wasteland and open space need to be planted. Cultivation of high-quality and high-yield plants requires comprehensive restoration and elimination of root groups such as grass roots, firewood roots, and tree roots. Dig deeper than 30 centimeters in total, the hole can be opened 50X50X40 cm, only remove the roots inside the hole. Land reclamation should be carried out before winter or in winter, which is conducive to the freezing and improving of the soil.
Land consolidation and soil preparation can be combined. There are two ways to improve the soil, ie, soil fertigation and soil fertility, and soil and manure conversion. High-quality, high-yield cultivation target for the establishment of the park. It is necessary to carry out soil fertigation and soil improvement, and in accordance with the density determined by the planting plan, excavate the fertilization ditch (planting ditch) along the row direction, with a ditch width of 0.8 m and a depth of 0.7 m. After the ditch is opened, 3-5 tons of fertilizer will be applied per 667 m2. 2.5 tons of pig cow dung, 100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 100 kg of quick lime. When backfilled with fertilization, it is backfilled in the order of topsoil and subsoil. When the slope is less than 200, the horizontal terraces with unequal width shall be built to keep the soil and water, and the fertilization ditch shall be excavated on the inside of the ladder. More than 200 sloping land should only be used for fertilization. Each 667m2 open hole 150-300, each hole into the fermented pig cow manure 5-10 kilograms, phosphate 0.5 kilograms, after application according to the top backfill.
Seedlings planted in seedlings are planted in spring and autumn and planted in early spring. Before planting, select good seedlings and plant seedlings. When the planting time, excavate the size of the planting hole at the original fertilization ditch (point) according to the size of the seedling root group, erect the seedlings in the hole, comb the roots, stretch them, and then soil the roots. , Tighten the seedlings on the tip of the foot for a week. Drench the water and then cover the loose soil with the ground. Seedling planting depth should be appropriate. All kinds of seedlings planting depth should be based on the original depth of the nursery, planting trench fertilization is not solid, the planting depth should be appropriately reduced, to the root and neck higher than the ground 7-lOcm appropriate, solid After being level with the ground, honeysuckle cultivation density is 200-340 strains per 667M.
2, Lazy Han Honeysuckle Production Park Training Technology http://0539-4906113
1. Soil Management Gold and Silver Garden's soil management mainly includes the following four tasks in one year.
Spring loose soil in spring is generally conducted in late March, when it can be excavated loose soil, and the depth of excavation is about 20 cm. Through excavation, soil ventilation can be increased, root activity can be promoted, part of the old roots can be cut off during the excavation, new roots can be promoted, and root regeneration can be promoted.
Excavation is generally conducted in the middle or late July. At this time, in the midsummer, the field is full of summer, the fields are overgrown with weeds, compete with the honeysuckle for fertilizer and water, and the weed seeds are about to be sown. This will increase the amount of weeds that will occur next year. At the same time, it will have the highest weed nutrients and the highest yield of fresh grass. It is a very good measure for composting. Therefore, excavation is an important soil management task for loose soil, weed control and grazing. At that time, a full-scale excavation will be carried out. The grass near the root zone will be buried with a depth of 15 cm and a depth of 25-30 cm.
The dumping of Qingyuan Garden is generally conducted in mid-October to early December in conjunction with the Qingyuan Garden in winter. The depth of excavation is 20 centimeters. Land weeds, residues, fallen leaves, etc. are buried and buried, and some pathogenic bacteria and pests that have entered the soil over winter are turned out of the ground. , destroying its wintering sites and eliminating pests and diseases. The winter adobe excavation does not need to be fine, and it is better to use the coarse blanks to freeze drying.
Soil fertilization Soil fertilization is the main way for soil to obtain nutrients. According to the relevant provisions of the (NY/T 394-200 Guidelines for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers), the fertilizer application standards for honeysuckle are formulated according to the tending period and the production period, respectively.
The fertigation period was fertilized 5 times throughout the year. Among them, topdressing was performed 4 times, and they were conducted in mid-March, early May, mid-July and early September respectively. In the middle of March, the top dressing was mainly urea-nitrogen fertilizer. The dosage of each 667M2 was controlled at 10-15 kg, diluted at 1-1.5% with water diluted, and the remaining three top dressings were immersed in decomposed human waste. Each time every 667 M2l50-200 kg, top dressing is applied in a small hole in the root zone, after the cover gaishi. The winter fertilizer was combined with the clean garden before mid-November. Each 667 M2 hole was used to rot 750 kg of cow dung (2.5 kg per plant). Honeysuckle tending period of 2-3 years.
During the production period, fertilize 4 times a year, including 3 top dressings and 1 winter fertilizer. Fertilizers were dried in mid-March, early June and late August. Fertilizers were promoted in March and buds were grown in June. Nutrition supplemented by tree nutrient recovered in August. March Fertilizer and June Fertilizer were mainly human fecal urine, with a dosage of 400-500 kilograms per 667 M2. Utilizing urea fertiliser after top dressing in August, 30 kg per 667 M2 was used. Topdressing is performed by applying a small hole in the root zone and applying soil after the application. The winter fertilizer was applied in mid-November in conjunction with the Qingyuan Garden. Each 667 M2 was prepared with 1500 kg of cow manure, 150 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 150 kg of cake fertilizer. The deep hole was applied with a depth of 25-30 cm. .
2, water management
The main production area of ​​honeysuckle in my county is warm and moist with a precipitation of 1600 mm or more. There is no obvious rainy season. Basically there is no early zone. The main task of water management is to prevent flooding. After entering April, more rains will occur. The drainage channels at all levels must be cleared in time to block or lead the mountainous runoff that may enter the park, to prevent the erosion of the garden, and to implement the rainy-story ground-storing grass and soil conservation on the honeysuckle fields such as slopes and sloped terraces. Measures. The walls of the ladder should be grassed throughout the year and only cut to prevent the rain from flushing the ladder.
3, branch management
Within two years after the plastic trimming, the pruning work must be completed to form a high-yield tree. Honeysuckle is a woody vine with a large amount of growth and is easy to shape. There are three kinds of tree shapes, such as dry piers, sinusoids, and fences.
After dry pier type round head shape pruning, the seedlings are immediately topped and sharpened. After the new shoots sprout, one shoot is left as the main trunk culture, and the rest are erased. The main culture cultivating branches grow to 60 cm in length to promote the branching, and strive to cultivate 3 - 4 robust branches, germination branches on the trunk below 50 cm to be completely erased: promote its thickening upright into a pier, during the first three years of cultivation of the trunk should be performed in order to promote the new branches to promote branching, to the surrounding branches Expanding to form an umbrella-shaped round head-shaped tree with a small upper and lower outer space. The dry pier type round head shape is one of the main tree types of honeysuckle in our county.
After the fan-shaped shaping of the cocoon-type fan, the seedlings will be topping immediately, and the new shoots will be left to germinate as a trunk culture. When it grows to 60 centimeters in length, it will promptly promote the branching. After the shoots sprouted, all the shoots under the main section of the trunk were erased. New shoots of 50 cm or more on both sides were left as sub-branches. The new shoots at the tip allowed them to continue growing. After each of the three branches was torn to 60 centimeters each time, two branches were cultivated, and a three-arc fan-shaped tree with two main branches and two branches was gradually formed. This tree shape is suitable for conditions such as steep slopes, foothills, and stairwells that can crawl and grow.
Wrap-type fan-shaped plastic tree-shaped plastic surgery method, step with the fan-shaped fan-shaped different is a fence climbing attachment, horizontal binding branches or fans tied above the truss, the tree upright to the space development, air permeability Light is good, with greater production capacity, is the main tree of high-quality and high-yield norms.
Maintaining pruning: Maintaining pruning is the basic means of regulating the vegetative growth and reproductive relationships of the plant throughout the entire production period. Under certain cultivation conditions, through pruning, the purposes of controlling the canopy, stabilizing the yield, improving the illumination, reducing the pests, and improving the quality can be achieved. The normal life activities of the tree are maintained, and the economic growth period of the tree is maximized, and pruning is maintained. The pruning intensity is mainly light shear, the pruning method is mainly sparse shearing, and the pruning is sub-times, and the short cuts are appropriate; the pruning objects are pests and branches, dry branches, dense branches, overlapping branches, aging branches, etc. Insects dead branches, dense branches, overlapping branches, delete useless large branches, short-cut part of the aging branches. The basic principle of maintaining pruning is to stay strong and weak, to stay in thin places, to stay on, to stay inside and outside. The pruning time differs depending on the object to be trimmed. Pruning branches and stems and stem branches are performed in the early winter in conjunction with the Qingyuan Garden. Trimming the living branches is performed from late February to early March. The summer pruning of the buds, sparse pruning, and topping is performed as needed. .
Pruning: Pruning should be carried out when plant growth reaches a certain number of years or is affected by poor cultivation conditions, such as plant senescence, yield decline, and quality deterioration. The update pruning was performed in the middle and the middle of March. The pruning of honeysuckle was mainly retracted and renewed. The branches on the sub-branches were retracted to the nodes with natural renewed shoots. The plants with no natural regenerating shoots retracted to the sites where the main branches were made with collaterals. . Specially pointed out that renewal pruning must be based on good fertilizer and water management as the premise; after renewal, pruning should be done well in the trunk main branches and wound dressing (lithium sulphur etc.) to strengthen the protection of the tree; after the pruning, the new shoots should be strengthened The management of twigs, shoots, and toppings, etc., promotes the rapid formation of new trees.
Commonly used drugs homemade
1, stone sulfur mixture preparation method
Raw materials and ratio, 3 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of sulfur and 10 parts of water.
Preparation method, first lime, sulfur crushing preparation. When cooking, use a large-mouthed iron pan to put in quantitative water. Add sulphur powder and heat it until it boils. Add lime powder slowly and stir while stirring. Evenly heat and boil for 45 minutes. During the process, intermittently add hot water and stop boiling. Keep the amount of water. After tanning, the liquid is dark brown. After filtering, it is the raw liquid of lime sulfur mixture. It can be diluted according to the table using the Baume meter.
2, Bordeaux liquid preparation method (0.5% lime times type)
Raw materials and ratio: 0.5 parts of copper sulfate, 1 part of quicklime, and 100 parts of water.
Preparation method: Copper sulphate and lime are crushed for use. When preparing, use two small buckets to divide the quantitative water into two equal parts, then dissolve the two raw materials, and then pour the hedge into a large bucket, and stir it to make it fully fused. The sky blue liquid is directly filtered. Use, without dilution, Bordeaux mixture with the use of storage, can not be stored.
Pest Control
The overall occurrence of harm is that diseases are more important than insects. Diseases mainly included powdery mildew, followed by anthracnose, brown spot, white peony disease, bituminous coal disease, embroidered diseases and diseases. Insect pests are mainly aphids, followed by coffee, tiger hornbill, black sea bream, leaf hopper, wood pod moth, leaf beetle, honeysuckle ulnar, Spodoptera litura, short-term negative pupa, red belly moth, yellow thorn moth, green thorn moth , Scarab, oriental eel, spotted fly, pupa, etc.
1. Comprehensive pest prevention and control measures for major pests of honeysuckle honeysuckle
a) The basic principles of the main pest prevention and control of honeysuckle:
The purpose of pest control of honeysuckle is to protect the honeysuckle plants to obtain high yield, stable and high quality honeysuckle products to maximize production and increase income.
Honeysuckle pest control implements the “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control†plant protection policy. "Prevention-oriented" refers to the adoption of effective measures to control the occurrence of pests and insects before they occur in large quantities and can affect the yield and quality. "Integrated prevention and control" is based on the overall view of honeysuckle production and the overall agroecosystem and fully utilizes natural inhibition. The pest and disease factors artificially create conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases, comprehensively coordinate various prevention and control measures, and control the occurrence of pests and diseases to protect honeysuckle from high production, stable production and high quality.
b) Technical measures for comprehensive prevention and control of major pests and diseases in honeysuckle.
According to the law of occurrence and growth of honeysuckle pests and natural enemies, the main measures are:
l. Choose high-yield pest-resistant varieties.
2. Protect and use natural natural enemies. There are many kinds of natural enemies of the honeysuckle pests, and the natural control ability is strong. On the basis of protecting and enriching the vegetation, the focus should be on reducing the killing of natural enemies by the pesticides and the pollution to the environment so as to protect the ecological balance and make full use of natural enemies to effectively control pests and diseases.
3, do a good job of agricultural control, reduce the base number of pests and improve plant resistance. The first is to strengthen the cultivation and management based on fertilizer and water management, mainly including rational fertilization and prevention of drought and drought. The second is to carry out antifreeze in winter. In winter, lime water can be used for whitening the stems, covering the base with coverings and other measures to prevent freezing, and at the same time, the stems can be brushed to reduce the wintering sites and overwintering bases. The third is to avoid the wind when selecting the site to prevent wind damage in winter and early spring. The fourth is to carry out reasonable pruning and clearing the garden in winter. Reasonable pruning can increase the permeability of the plants. The removal of litter in winter and the use of lime sulfur can greatly reduce the number of pests and diseases, and reduce the damage of diseases and insects in the coming year.
4, scientific and safe medication, timely control of hazards. One is to select counterpart pesticides; the second is to grasp the appropriate control period and prevention methods.
Third, the occurrence of several major pests and the introduction of comprehensive prevention technology
l. There are two kinds of locusts, Peachflies and Chinese honeysuckle, which belong to the order Homopterididae. The main sucking juice damages young shoots and buds. Generally, the leaves suffer damage and the first leaf vein turns reddish-brown and gradually expands. The leaves of the leaves of the meat, young shoots and buds are not affected by atrophy. In severe cases, the affected parts are wilted and dry, and the buds of the whole plant are not harvested. In this county, the insects use eggs on rafts and occasionally in the gaps in the cracks of honeysuckle stems. Usually in early April, winged beetles migrated into gardens to carry out parthenogenetic breeding. The early stage was mainly carried out by Ruoqiang and Wuyicheng. In the middle of June, the winged crickets began to increase gradually in the middle of June. Until the beginning of July, the largest and most discernible sightings were seen in the garden. In my county, the honeysuckle locusts suffered serious damage from May to August. The locusts generally have a core distribution in gold and silver gardens, especially in April-June. This worm is the number one pest in the production of honeysuckle in the county.
Prevention and cure: First, the protection and use of local natural natural enemies: The second is the choice of counterparts, pesticides, mainly 25% Aktai water dispersible granules, Lepidopteran decanterine, dioscoreacum, Fengyuan, omethoate Wait. The third is to pick and cure when there are 50% or less strains, and more than 50%.
2, coffee tiger Tianniu Coleoptera Tianniu. The larvae and adult worms both overwintered in the affected plants at the same time. In our county, the overwintering adults generally emerged in late April, and the overwintering larvae emerged in mid-late and late May. After the adults were mated, their eggs were mainly produced on coarse branches. Dry old skin, split skin, hatching larvae feed on xylem, causing the main stem or main branch to die. After the larvae invade, they are left with damp insects, and then with the increase in worm age, most of the wood chips and insects are discharged. The wood chips and insect excrement discharged from the larvae are generally adhered to the wounds of the insects by the adhesion of excretion fluid and break the damaged branches. Visible in the ramp is full of sawdust and insect waste. In adult parks, it took more than 1 to 2 generations in the county. The most serious damage occurred in the park from July to August.
Prevention methods,
1. Sweet and sour liquid (1 part sugar, 5 parts vinegar, 4 parts water, crystal trichlorfon 0
.05 copies) trapping and killing adults;
2. Manually trap or inject dichlorvos in insects, and use pesticides to seal the insecticides.
3. Spray with dichlorvos l000X.
3, powdery mildew (London powdery mildew) mainly damage the year of the original leaves and tender stems and buds, the appearance of round white mildew-like lesions at the beginning of the disease, and then continue to expand, connect into pieces, the formation of different sizes of white patches, leaf spots On the back there is grayish white powder or moldy material, and the flower buds suffer from grayish white powder. In severe cases, the affected flower buds and leaves turn purple-black, and finally cause the falling flowers, withered leaves and branches to dry. In the first 3 to 4 months of the year, the initial tip of the leaf was found to be diseased in the autumn, and the disease began to appear in the new shoots in the first half of April, and then spread mainly on the shoots. In the middle and early June, the buds gradually became sick with increasing altitude. After flower bitterness, it can quickly become popular. When it is severe, buds can be lost. The disease is seriously damaged from June to August. After mid-October, it no longer spreads in the branches and leaves. Due to the different varieties of resistance, there are obvious differences in the degree of damage between the varieties. Powdery mildew is the main disease affecting the production of honeysuckle in our county.
The prevention and control methods include the selection of a variety of high-yield and disease-resistant varieties; the second is to carry out physical shape pruning, reasonably close planting, and to carry out the winter clearing; the third is to use the corresponding pesticides: the bud stage is Ai Miao, Hao Leke, R & F library, carbendazim, Mancozeb, Anke, Sego, 40% Agro 120, 1.5% Polyoxin, Ledomil, etc., No flour can use Triadin, Lithosulfide, Bordeaux, etc.; Protection, that is, 2-3 times of continuous use of buds at 02-03cm, 5-7 days apart.
4. Anthrax (Lonicera anthracnose) is a fungal disease. There are many lesions on the leaves, and red-brown punctate sticky spots appear on the lesions in the late stage of the disease. When it is serious, it can cause a lot of defoliation until the original pods are spoiled. Therefore, it is also called rot or root rot, and it is severely affected by adult gardens, especially winter cultivation and management. Plants grow poorly, and low-lying gardens are seriously affected. Each year, our county has two epidemics peak periods, ie, March-April and September. -In October, the incidence of damage in my county was second only to powdery mildew.
Prevention methods: First, to strengthen the cultivation and management, mainly rational fertilization, to prevent drought and waterlogging as the main scientific management of water, to carry out antifreeze in winter, early spring wind and so on, in order to enhance tree vigor; Second, reasonable pruning and winter clearing; It is reasonable to use drugs, the choice of lime sulfur, sulfur suspension agent, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, Madomir, mancozebite, etc. for prevention and treatment.
5, brown spot disease fungal disease, the main damage to the leaves, the early stages of disease on the leaves do not fade spots, followed by expansion of small spots or several small spots together to form regular and irregular fading leaf spots. When wet, leaves produce gray moldy back. My county was heavier from May to August, but the damage was significantly lighter than that of powdery white, and it was generally lighter than that of anthrax. The control method is similar to anthrax.
6, white tinea fungal disease. After getting honeysuckle, first faded spots appear on the roots and necks of 5-1Ocm from the ground, and then gradually expand to the entire roots and necks. At the same time, a layer of white hyphae is formed from the disease minister, the cortex of the diseased part gradually rots, and quickly turns to Under the spread, the mycelium formed faded nucleus at the late stage. In general, the diseased leaves are smaller, the leaf margins are curled, the whole plant is faded, and the flowering period is delayed. In severe cases, the whole plant can die in the second year. In May-August, heavier occurrence occurs in low-lying areas, and the common seedlings and young gardens are heavier than those in adult gardens.
Pingyi County Fuwanjia Lazy Han Honeysuckle Institute
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