How to prevent abnormal tomato fruit
The phenomenon of abnormal fruit development in the cultivation of tomatoes is very common, which not only reduces the yield and quality, but also results in poor commercial quality. It also causes great economic losses in production.
1. Malformed fruit. Common deformed fruit, tumor-like fruit and so on. Some of the deformed fruits are peach-shaped sharp-nosed fruit, some are oval-shaped, and the tumor-like fruit is long-nosed. The main reason is the flower bud differentiation caused by the flower bud differentiation caused by low temperature; In addition to the use of hormones such as 2,4-D, the temperature is higher, the hormone concentration is too large, or when the flower is spent, the flower tip has excess hormones, so that the fruit is different Inhomogeneous development of parts. The prevention and control should use varieties that are not easy to produce teratogenic fruit, and remove the deformed fruit in time. In the 25 to 48 days after sowing, the effective management measures shall be taken to maintain the temperature in the shed above 8°C so as to ensure the normal differentiation of flower buds; Instructions for preparation.
2. Empty fruit. The empty fruit is an empty fruit between the peel and the pulp. There are three main reasons for the occurrence of empty fruit: First, when the flower buds are formed and the flowering pollination period encounters low temperatures, they cannot normally fertilize and form empty fruit. Second, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, excessive nutrient growth, or fruit growth after the application of growth hormone Insufficient nutrients during the period, the formation of empty fruit; Third, lack of light, the fruit temperature is too high and the results of improper watering, there will be empty fruit. Prevention measures are: good light temperature control to create a good light temperature conditions for fruit development; rational use of growth regulators, after flowering and pollination, spraying 15 ~ 20ppm of rhein can prevent flowering, promote fruit enlargement; hormone treatment We must strengthen fertilizer and water management and use formula fertilization to achieve a balanced application of NPK.
3. Strange fruit. Unsteady fruit is basically undeveloped after the fruit is seated, such as the size of the thumb, the fossilized old seedless fruit. The main reasons for this are the low temperature at night, insufficient light, poor pollination and fertilization, and insufficient supply of nutrients for fruit enlargement. Prevention measures include attention to heat preservation during flowering, improvement of light conditions, enhancement of photosynthesis, and balanced supply of fruit and nutrition. Artificial pollination can also be performed.
4. Cracking fruit. Fruits are prone to fruit cracking in the later stages of development. Some of the cracks are centered on the fruit pedicle, concentrically split, and some are radially split with the fruit pedicle as the center. Many fruit cracks occur at the same time. From the cultivation type, tomatoes in open field in the summer and tomatoes in the plastic film greenhouse cultivation in spring and autumn occur more frequently. The physiologic cause of fruit cracking is the lack of elasticity of the fruit's epidermis, which prevents it from resisting the strong turgor pressure inside the fruit. The main reason for this was the low soil moisture content in the young fruit period, the slow growth of the fruits, and the subsequent excessive watering, and the rapid growth of pulp tissue, causing cracking. Anti-cracking varieties should be selected for prevention and control to prevent the soil from drying after the wet, to avoid direct light from the fruit, increase the boron fertilizer, can enhance the toughness of the peel.
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