Wintering Tomato Cultivation Technique

I. SCOPE This standard (Shandong Provincial Local Standards, Editor's Note) specifies the selection of varieties for the wintering cultivation of tomato in greenhouses (winter warming greenhouses), breeding techniques, management of temperature, water and fertilizer, pruning, and pest and disease control measures. This standard applies to greenhouse cultivation (winter greenhouse) under the conditions of cultivation, per 1/15 hectares yield of about 10,000 kilograms of overwintering tomato cultivation. Second, the varieties of wintering aphid tomato cultivation should choose disease resistance (leaf mold, gray mold, virus disease, early blight, late blight, etc.), sorghum, high yield, large fruit type, good quality, more resistant to storage and transportation of late-maturing Pink or red fruit varieties, such as hair powder 802, L-402, Israel 144 and so on. Third, nursery 1. Suitable sowing time for sowing is mid-to-late August. 2. Diffuse germination in the container with 50-55 °C water soaking, stirring to 30 °C after soaking 3-4 hours, then 500 times potassium permanganate soaking for 20-30 minutes or soaking with 10% sodium phosphate 10-15 minutes . Pay attention to washing the liquid with clean seeds. Then placed at 25-28 °C under the conditions of germination. 3. Seedbed and cultivated soil can be used as sorghum and use shade nets to shade, prevent rain, and prevent flooding. Modulation nutrient soil: 1/3 fully decomposed circulatory fertilizer, 2/3 pathogen-free ripening soil, fine sifting and sifting; 1 kg of superphosphate, 5 kg of plant ash, or nitrogen, phosphorus, per cubic meter of culture soil Potassium compound fertilizer 2 kg; evenly mixed with 50% carbendazim 80 grams. 4. Seed 60% of the seed germination can be sown. Before and after sowing, the seedbed and its surrounding areas were sprayed with anti-mite. 5. Seedbed management During the daytime high temperature weather, it is necessary to carry out the screening of friends, the bed temperature should not exceed 30°C, and cover the film with rain in rainy days. During the nursery, be careful not to make the night temperature too high. In order to prevent seedlings from growing in length, two 10001/1000000 boosters are sprayed on two true leaves. 6. Split seedlings 2-3 true leaf seedlings. The seedlings were divided into sub-beds with previously prepared nutrition soil, with a spacing of 12 cm and a spacing of 12 cm; they could also be subdivided into nutrients with a diameter of 10-12 cm. During seedling period after seedling sub-seedling, shade is appropriate in the afternoon, with a bed temperature of 25-30°C during the day and 18-20°C during the night. After easing the seedlings, it is about 25°C during the day and 15-18°C at night. A few days before planting, the bed temperature was appropriately reduced to exercise seedlings. 4-5 leaves and then spray 10001 / 1000000 to help the prime again. When the hair powder 802 variety is selected, the hairy and hairless plants should be separately divided into seedlings in the process of seedling separation, and the plants should be divided and planted in the future for easy management. 7. Seedling stage seedling stage can spray 1-2 times fungicides to prevent diseases (200-250 times Bordeaux mixture is a suitable protective agent, ie 1:1:200-250). Fourth, colonization 1. For 15-20 days before fertilization and site preparation, every 1/15 hectares will be treated with 5 m3 of composted organic fertilizer, 50-60 kg of N, P and K compound fertilizer and 100 kg of superphosphate. 2. Cultivation methods and planting overwintering tomato cultivation, take the size line, small sorghum way. That is, north-south facing, large-space 80-90 cm, 60-70 cm from a small row. Make it flat first. Each row is planted in two rows with 30-35 cm spacing and 2500-3000 plants per 1/15 hectare. The planting will begin in late September and early October. After transplanting seedlings, they were irrigated with water and the ground was dry. After 7-10 days, the plants were covered with soil to form small sorghum and covered with plastic film. V. Pre-Winter and Over-Winter Management 1. Before and after easing the seedlings, cover the shed film, cover the temperature 28-30°C during the day, 17-20°C at night, and the ground temperature is not lower than 20°C to promote seedling easing. After easing the seedlings, the shed temperature should be appropriately reduced, during the day, 22-26°C, and 15-18°C at night. Can be sprayed 1-2 times 1000 1/1000000 of the helper prime to prevent plant growth. Single dry pruning, timely wipe out, kidnapper. 2. The first inflorescence before and after fruit set in order to prevent the low temperature caused by falling flowers and falling fruit, can be sprayed with 301/1000000 anti-dropping elements. After sitting, the appropriate sparse flowers and thinning, leaving 3-4 fruit per ear. When the first inflorescence resembles a walnut, it is watered under the sorghum interlayer, and 15 kg of urea per 15 hectares (or flushed bean cake water, etc.) is poured on every 1/15 hectare. It is drenched as much as possible, and watering is controlled during the winter. . 3. The management of temperature and light timely exposing the grasshoppers to extend the lighting time; in cloudy snow weather, the cover must be removed to allow the plants to receive scattered light. Indoor temperature, 20-30 °C during the day, night 13-15 °C, the minimum night temperature of not less than 8 °C. On sunny days, the skylights can be used for ventilation when the temperature reaches 30°C at noon. 4. During the overwintering period of carbon dioxide fertilization, the greenhouse temperature is low and the ventilation rate is low. If organic fertilizers are insufficiently applied in the greenhouse, carbon dioxide deficiency will occur. For this reason, sunny days from 9 am to 11 am, carbon dioxide fertilization can be applied, with an appropriate concentration of (600-800) 1/1000000. 5. Pest control In the chemical control of pests and diseases, we must use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides and strictly enforce safety intervals. Insects such as insecticides, insecticides and other insecticides are used to control aphids, whitefly, leafminer and other pests. The use of quick-acting, chlorothalonil (or dust) alternatives to control leaf disease, gray mold, early blight, late blight and other diseases. After the fruit is in the discoloration period, it is timely harvested according to market needs. VI. Management after wintering Temperature and light management After mid-February, the number of hours of sunshine increases gradually, and grasses and late grasses are expelled as early as possible to extend the plant's visible light time. Pay attention to clean the film on the roof and increase the incoming light. Pay attention to timely ventilation. During sunny days, the daytime temperature is 25-28°C in the morning, 25-20°C in the afternoon, 15-20°C in the middle of the night, and 13-15°C in the middle of the night. Overcast and rainy days, the temperature in the daytime is 25- 20°C and nighttime is 10-15°C. 2. Fertilizer Management From mid-February to mid-March, water is poured for 15 days or so, and can be used in conjunction with decomposed bean cake water (50-70 kg of soybean cake per 1/15 ha), or nitrogen per 1/15 ha. Phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer 20 kg. After mid-March, water is poured for 7-10 days, and two times of water is required to top dressing 1 time, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate per 1/15. 3. Pest control Regular spraying of quick-acting, gray mold, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and other agents to control leaf mold, gray mold, early and late blight, timely spraying and pest control, pesticides may be added to urea ( 0.3%-0.5%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2%) or other foliar fertilizers. Spraying insecticide can be harvested after 7 days. 4. Pruning timely pruning, squeezing smashing, smashing vines and preventing lodging, old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves removed in a timely manner to improve ventilation and light conditions. It is generally pulled from late May to early June.

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