Introduced Cultivation Performance and Breeding Techniques of Mountain Buckwheat

Biological characteristics

The stems and stems of buckwheat are soft, round, hairless and without ridgelines. The shoots are light green with smooth surface. There are obvious white spots. The old stems are more than 3 years old, all of which are lignified and the roots are well developed, mainly distributed below the topsoil. At ~40cm, the root regeneration ability is very strong. The buckwheat flowering period is long, the flowering period is about 1 month per panicle, and the flowering period is about 60 days. It is a good climbing and honey plant. It is a kind of deciduous vine with strong adaptability and rapid growth. It has good sunshine and moist environment, drought tolerance, few pests, and flowering. The buckwheat cultivar is easy to cultivate and has strict requirements for the soil. It grows under conditions of extensive management and grows more abundantly in fertile and moist soil.

2. Introduction and cultivation of buckwheat

In 2009, the Qinghai Botanical Garden introduced the healthy seedlings of disease-free pests from mountain buckwheat, which were planted in Nanshan and Changji cities of Urumqi. In Shuixigou Town, Nanshan, Urumqi City, the soil is gravel chestnut soil, with a total salt content of 0.104%, an organic matter content of 0.94%, and a pH value of 7.93. It is a typical regional organic matter deficiency, low phosphorus, nitrogen deficiency soil, natural conditions bad. The average annual temperature is 7.5°C, the average temperature from July to June is 26.85°C, the extreme minimum temperature is - 23.1°C, and the extreme maximum temperature is 36.7°C. The annual total precipitation is 266.9mm, and the annual evaporation is 2730mm.

After 6 years of growth observation, it was shown that: normal wintering can be achieved; germination starts in early May, and the annual growth is more than 1.8m; there are more branches and late leaves, and the old stems are thickened by 8 to 15mm, and the epidermis has obvious longitudinal cracks. Its green period lasts up to 7 months. When the flower blooms in September, when the flowers are white and the flowers are in full bloom, the blossoming white flowers float on top of the green leaves. The scenery is spectacular. It is an ideal vertical greening material for foliage, flower, and fruit. The phenomenon of freezing shoots occurs every year, mainly on the tip of the 20 to 30 cm non-woody shoots, does not affect the overall growth; under drought conditions, there is still a need for irrigation protection, otherwise it will affect the growth of buckwheat .

3. The breeding technology of buckwheat

Hill buckwheat uses cutting propagation. The cuttings can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. When the cuttings are selected, mature disease-free pests have been lignified or hemi-lignified branches. The substrate is suitable for sandy soils, disinfected with ferrous sulfate, and kept moist during cutting; Temperature above 18 °C, temperature above 20 °C is appropriate. The cuttings were soaked in fresh water and then treated with ABT rooting powder and gibberellin. The relative humidity of the air was maintained at about 80% after plugging in. Shading was required, rooting was performed around 20 days, and the survival rate of the cuttings could reach 93%. The transplanting rate could be transplanted in 30 days. In the summer, it is also possible to use a bead to reproduce. After the branches are bent, they are buried about 10cm deep in the soil and kept moist. This method is very easy to take root. Transplanting is generally conducted in spring and autumn. If there are conditions during transplantation, a certain basal fertilizer can be applied to help the growth of the plant, and the water can be controlled in autumn. After the winter deciduous period, it can be trimmed slightly to remove excessive shoots, reduce water loss and reduce the phenomenon of freezing tip.

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