High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Straw Mushrooms in Greenhouses

Every year from June to August, due to the high temperature and rain, many days, the light greenhouse (winter greenhouse) leisure. In order to increase its utilization rate and further increase economic efficiency, in the past two years, the Department has used the summer leisure time to carry out large-scale planting and development of straw mushrooms in the solar greenhouses. It has been successful, averaging 3,200 kg of straw mushrooms on 667 square meters. Income reached more than 9,600 yuan. Now we will introduce the cultivation techniques as follows. 1. Comparison of strain selection and seed production After several bacterial strain tests, we chose the V35 mushroom species. It belongs to the type of thermophilic thermogenic mushroom. The growth temperature of mycelia is 32-35°C, the optimum temperature of the mushroom is 30-35°C, and the minimum temperature is higher than 23°C. We inoculated the purchased tube first grade strain into a bottle with cooked wheat grains, kept it at a constant temperature of 25 to 28°C, and after 20 days, cultivated into a second strain; then inoculated into bagged cottonseed husks. After 15 days, the mycelium is full, and the color is gray or yellow-white. It is a third-grade strain. During the production, we planted a third-grade strain. 2. Cultivation of appropriate straw mushrooms sown early, low temperature is not conducive to growth, while the former amaranth is not over; sowing too late, affecting autumn and winter vegetables production. Practice shows that Yantai region is suitable for cultivation from June to August. The specific approach is: after the end of the production of winter and spring vegetables, clear the garden, clear the fallen leaves of the field, and then disinfect the greenhouse, use the sulfur to fumigate, and treat the soil with dichlorvos or trichlorfon. 3. Cultivated materials The cultivation materials are wheat straw or wheat bran and lime. Cultivation materials should be fresh, dry and free of mildew. Exposure for 2 to 3 days before use, and then mix 100 kg of wheat straw with 10 kg of lime. Mix well and put it in the water tank. The water should drown the culture materials. At this point, the pH of the solution in the pool is about 14 and the upper part is tightly covered with a plastic film. After being fully immersed for 24 to 36 hours, the solution can be removed. 4. Cultivation methods 4.1 The whole plant is north-south, 1 meter wide, and depending on the width of the shed, the depth of the plant is 8 to 10 centimeters, and the distance between centipedes is 30 to 50 centimeters. The dug soil is temporarily placed on the raft. 4.2 The material soaked in the shop material is spread into a turtle-back shape in the palate and can also be paved into a wavy shape. The ridge is 15 cm thick, and the material thickness is 5 to 8 cm on both sides. The material used is 15 to 20 kg/m2. 4.3 sowing and covering the soil cultured good strains into 1 to 2 cm square pieces, using hole sowing method, hole spacing 8 to 10 cm, the bacteria evenly sown into 1 cm deep material, each seed sowing 10 species ~15 grams, then cover the earth with the earth. Do not use clay and sand, do not get too dry and wet, cover the soil with hands, and use sandy loam where it is scattered. Covering the soil thickness: material ridge thickness 1 cm, material groove thickness of 3 to 5 cm, and then use 2 cm in diameter disinfection of poisoned wooden clubs drill holes, eye spacing 10 cm, drilling depth to play through the material is appropriate. 5. Management after soil covering 5.1 After 1 to 2 days of temperature sowing, the temperature of the material can reach 40°C. The temperature of the material can be maintained at 35 to 38°C by removing the film and the temperature in the shed can be kept at about 35°C. 5.2 After 3 to 4 days after sowing, the mycelium is basically full. When the humidity in the ventilation booth is insufficient, 2% lime water can be sprayed once. The method is: the spray head is upward, so that the mist drops naturally, and the spray water temperature must be consistent with or slightly higher than the shelf temperature. The relative humidity of the air during the mushrooming period is required to be over 90%. When it is insufficient, the water can be sprayed into the air or water can be added to the room to increase the humidity. The light spray should be used to spray the water, but water can not be directly sprayed on the material, especially not to the mushroom bud. Water spray. 5.3 ventilation hyphae growing period, ventilation at noon every day 15 to 20 minutes, fruiting body growth period, ventilation 2 to 3 times a day, every 20 minutes. 5.4 Light sheds should cover grasshoppers, and light should be scattered light. 5.5 Pest Control Pests are mainly crickets, mushrooms, and golden needles. They can be treated with 90% trichlorfon 700 to 800 times solution or 80% dichlorvos 800 to 1000 times solution before spreading. 6. Timely Harvest In normal circumstances, straw mushrooms from the species to budding for 5 days, to the harvest for 10 days, the end of the three tidal mushroom harvesting takes about 30 days. When harvesting was too late, the fruiting of the fruiting body was lost; prematurely, it affected the yield. Production generally in the straw mushroom from the base wide, slightly sharper top pagoda shape into oval, mushroom body full and smooth, hand slightly softened, the color from deep to shallow, the capsule is not broken, cap, stipe not When harvested, it is best to harvest it. The fruiting period is usually harvested once each morning, in the middle and late. As straw mushrooms are clustered and the size of the fruit bodies are not equal, so when harvesting, use a long knife and a right hand to hold the knife. Hold the fruit body with your left hand and rotate the knife from the base to pick it. This will not affect The growth of mushroom buds around.

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